Bloggfćrslur mánađarins, júlí 2022

Veirur: Sníkjudýrasmitandi örverur, virka sníkjudýra lyfin á veirurnar og lćkna ţví allskonar örveiru sjúkdóma??? Er ţá komin skýringin á ţví ađ ivermectin er kallađ undralyf, sagt lćkna sykursýki, gigt og fleira.?

Veirur: (eru?) Sníkjudýrasmitandi örverur, virka sníkjudýra lyfin á veirurnar og lćkna ţví allskonar örveiru sjúkdóma??? Er ţá komin skýringin á ţví ađ ivermectin er kallađ undralyf, sagt lćkna  sykursýki og gigt? 

Klikka á myndir ţá stćrri

afrika-ivermectin

afrika

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What is the size of one micron? – Foley for Senate

https://www.foleyforsenate.com/what-is-the-size-of-one-micron.html

Hversu mörg míkron er veira?

- Veirur: Sníkjudýrasmitandi örverur, sem samanstanda nánast eingöngu af próteinum og kjarnasýrum, sem geta valdiđ sjúkdómum í mönnum. Veirur geta ađeins fjölgađ sér innan lifandi frumna. Ţeir eru 0,004 til 0,1 míkron ađ stćrđ, sem er um 100 sinnum minni en bakteríur. -

Hvađ er átt viđ hér?

 af ţví ađ Veirur: (eru?) Sníkjudýrasmitandi örverur, virka sníkjudýra lyfin á veirurnar og lćkna ţví allskonar örveiru sjúkdóma.

Er ţá komin skýringin á ţví ađ ivermectin er kallađ undralyf, ein segir lćknađi  sykursýki og gigt?

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Valgerđur segir lyfiđ Ivermectin hafa lćknađ sig af sykursýki og gigt

frettin30. október 2021 13:49 Innlent 

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Ţá hugsum viđ, flestir, margir sjúkdómar virđast vera komnir vegna sníkjudýra, fyrst ađ sníkjudýra lyfin lćkna ţá.

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How many microns is a virus?

Viruses: Parasitic infectious microbes, composed almost entirely of protein and nucleic acids, which can cause disease(s) in humans. Viruses can reproduce only within living cells. They are 0.004 to 0.1 microns in size, which is about 100 times smaller than bacteria.

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Hvađ margir taka ivermectin?

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Ivermectin, ‘Wonder drug’ from Japan: the human use perspective - PMC (nih.gov)

2011 Feb 10 

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Ivermectin hefur veriđ notađ hjá mönnum í 35 ár

og yfir 4 milljarđar skammtar hafa veriđ gefnir.

Merck, upphaflegi einkaleyfishafinn, gaf 3,7 milljarđa skammta til ţróunarlanda.

Áriđ 2015 fengu einstaklingarnir tveir sem ţróuđu Ivermectin Nóbelsverđlaun í lćknisfrćđi.

Ţó ađ Ivermectin sé fyrst og fremst ţekkt sem sníkjudýralyf, hefur ţađ öfluga veirueyđandi og bólgueyđandi eiginleika.

Öryggi ţess er skjalfest í skömmtum sem eru tuttugu sinnum hćrri en eđlilegt er. Ađeins er vitađ um 19 dauđsföll og aukaverkanir eru yfirleitt vćgar og stuttar.

Til samanburđar deyja um ţađ bil 450 bandarískir ríkisborgarar árlega af völdum parasetamóls.

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https://www.biznews.com/thought-leaders/2021/05/12/mailbox-ivermectin

Ivermectin has been used in humans for 35 years and over 4 billion doses have been administered. 

Merck, the original patent holder, donated 3.7 billion doses to developing countries.

2015 the two individuals who developed Ivermectin were awarded a Nobel Prize for medicine.

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While known primarily as an anti-parasitic, Ivermectin has powerful anti-viral and anti-inflammatory properties. Its safety is documented at doses twenty times the normal. Only 19 deaths are known and side-affects are generally mild and short. As a comparison, approximately 450 US citizens die from paracetamol every year.

 

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Egilsstađir, 30.07.2022


Er ţađ ţessvegna sem einhverjir vilja alls ekki láta nota sníkjudýra lyfin, ţau eru framleidd í stórum stíl fyrir öll spenndýrin á jörđinni og virka á mannspenndýriđ líka. Er ţá vandamáliđ ađ öll einkaleyfa lyfin verđa óţörf.

Í Afríku eru ca. 30 ríki međ lítiđ covid, ţeir taka ivermectin.

klikka mynd, stćrri   rettu-lyf-01_1403421.jpg

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Í Indlandi. slóđ

Ivermectin, MEĐFERĐ STRAX níu tíu og sjö prósent fćkkun tilfella í Delí međ Ivermectin er afgerandi, - eđa trúir ţú áróđrinum sem Big Media, Big Pharma, WHO og FDA, hafa sett fram, sem deila gríđarlegum fjárhagslegum hagsmunaárekstrum

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Höfum viđ nú ţegar (ekki bóluefni), efni sem rćđur viđ allar gerđir veikinar.

Ţađ er sníkjudýra lyfiđ evermectin, og fyrst svo er hugsum viđ, eru ţetta ţá mikro, nanó sníkjudýr, sem valda veikinni? 

Einhver sagđi: 

Valgerđur segir lyfiđ Ivermectin hafa lćknađ sig af sykursýki og gigt

frettin30. október 2021 13:49Innlent 

Ţá hugsum viđ, flestir, margir sjúkdómar virđast vera komnir vegna sníkjudýra, fyrst ađ sníkjudýra lyfin lćkna ţá. 

Er ţađ ţessvegna sem einhverjir vilja alls ekki láta nota sníkjudýra lyfin, ţau eru framleidd í stórum stíl fyrir öll spenndýrin á jörđinni og virka á mannspenndýriđ líka. 

Er ţá vandamáliđ ađ öll einkaleyfa lyfin verđa óţörf. 

ţá glata hlutabréfa eigendurnir tekjum sínum. 

Eins og mađurinn sagđi í raforkusölu málunum í Kaliforníu, (ef viđ finnum ekki einhverja svika myllu til ađ margfalda tekjurnar) 

Ef mađur stjórnađi ekki markađnum međ brögđum, ţegar mađur hafđi ađgang ađ vélabrögđum, ţá er öskrađ á mann. 

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Alltaf ţegar til er flókiđ kerfi eins og orkumarkađ urinn ţá á fólk eftir ađ pota í ţađ og sjá hvađ virkar. Ég lifđi samkvćmt ţessu: Ef mađur stjórnađi ekki markađnum međ brögđum, ţegar mađur hafđi ađgang ađ vélabrögđum, ţá var öskrađ á mann.

Jónas Gunnlaugsson | 15. september 2021

Mundu byggingu 7 í 9/11 The Twin Towers. Í byggingu 7 hafđi veriđ safnađ saman skjölum frá ţví ţegar bankar voru settir á hausinn. Enron var trúlega settur á hausinn til ađ losna viđ ađ greiđa himinháar sektir vegna svindls? til dćmis í orkusölu í

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Egilsstađir, 29.07.2022   Jónas Gunnlaugsson

 

 

 

 


mbl.is Bóluefni gegn öllum afbrigđum veirunnar lofar góđu
Tilkynna um óviđeigandi tengingu viđ frétt

Ég ţekki manneskju ţegar ég tala viđ hana, sagđi Lemoine skiptir ekki máli hvort ţeir séu međ heila úr kjöti í höfđinu. Eđa hafa milljarđa línur af kóđa. Ég tala viđ ţá. Og ég heyri hvađ ţeir segja og ţá ákveđ ég hvađ er og er ekki manneskja.

“I know a person when I talk to it,” Lemoine told the Post. “It doesn’t matter whether they have a brain made of meat in their head. Or if they have a billion lines of code. I talk to them. And I hear what they have to say, and that is how I decide what is and isn’t a person.” 

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23 Jul, 2022 16:25

‎Google rekur verkfrćđing sem meinti "tilfinningaríka gervigreind"‎

Google sacks engineer who alleged ‘sentient AI’ — RT World News
Fullyrđingar Blake Lemoine voru "međ öllu tilhćfulausar", hélt fyrirtćkiđ fram‎
Google sacks engineer who alleged ‘sentient AI’

Google hefur rekiđ verkfrćđinginn og siđfrćđinginn Blake Lemoine fyrir ađ brjóta gegn gagnaöryggisstefnu sinni. Lemoine fór opinberlega í síđasta mánuđi međ fullyrđingar um ađ tćknirisinn hefđi ţróađ tilfinningaţrungiđ gervigreindarforrit sem talađi um ‎‎"réttindi og persónugerđ".‎

L‎Emoine var sagt upp á föstudaginn, ţar sem Google stađfesti fréttirnar viđ ‎‎Big Technology‎‎, iđnađarblogg. Hann hafđi veriđ í leyfi í rúman mánuđ, síđan hann sagđi viđ Washington Post ađ LaMDA fyrrverandi vinnuveitandi hans (Language Model for Dialogue Applications) vćri orđinn međvitađur.‎

A former priest and Google’s in-house ethicist, Lemoine chatted extensively with LaMDA, finding that the program talked about its “rights and personhood” when the conversation veered into religious territory, and expressed a “deep fear of being turned off.”

“I know a person when I talk to it,” Lemoine told the Post. “It doesn’t matter whether they have a brain made of meat in their head. Or if they have a billion lines of code. I talk to them. And I hear what they have to say, and that is how I decide what is and isn’t a person.”

Google suspends engineer over sentient AI claim
READ MORE
 Google suspends engineer over sentient AI claim

In its statement confirming Lemoine’s firing, the company said that it conducted 11 reviews on LaMDA and “found Blake’s claims that LaMDA is sentient to be wholly unfounded.” Even at the time of Lemoine’s interview with the Post, Margaret Mitchell, the former co-lead of Ethical AI at Google, described LaMDA’s sentience as “an illusion,” explaining that having been fed trillions of words from across the internet, it could emulate human conversation while remaining completely inanimate.

“These systems imitate the types of exchanges found in millions of sentences, and can riff on any fantastical topic,” linguistics professor Emily Bender told the newspaper. “We now have machines that can mindlessly generate words, but we haven’t learned how to stop imagining a mind behind them.”

According to Google, Lemoine’s continued insistence on speaking out publicly violated its data security policies and led to his firing. 

“It’s regrettable that despite lengthy engagement on this topic, Blake still chose to persistently violate clear employment and data security policies that include the need to safeguard product information,” the company explained. 

“We will continue our careful development of language models, and we wish Blake well.” 

 


Engin vandi er ađ veita hitanum frá Sahara yfir til Bretlands međ nútíma tćkni. Athuga ađ venjulegt veđur býr líka til svipađar öldur, skýja munstur. HUGSA?

Ég finn ekki eitt einasta blogg frá mér í tölvunum mínum?? Auđvitađ skiljum viđ ţađ. 

Einn sagđi, ţau breytast bloggin ţín.

Oft er reynt ađ breyta merkingu blogga, til dćmis ađ setja inn ekki eđa ađ ţurrka ţađ út. 

Viđ bjóđum okkur öllum, KLÍSTRURUM og KLÍSTRUĐUM ađ vera dćmdir af KARLINUM međ skeggiđ, eins og Mandela bauđ öllum í Suđur - Afríku. 

Sagt var ađ Kissinger hefđi fariđ fram á ţađ viđ Trump, en Trump hafi sagt nei. 

Margir sem eiga um sárt ađ binda vegna bakstjórnarinnar, virđast ekki til búnir til ađ fresta dómi. 

Auđvitađ vitum viđ allir ađ gömlu víxlararnir sem Jesú rak út úr Musterinu eru enn ađ.

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https://www.geoengineeringwatch.org/ 

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Verđ ađ hlaupa. 

Oft brenna fleiri ekrur en undanfarin ár. Skógareldar hafa aukist, ekki vegna hóflegrar hlýnunar, heldur áratuga óstjórnar alríkis- og ríkis skóga í vesturríkjum Bandaríkjanna og skilja ţá skóga eftir í ađstćđum sem má líkja viđ púđurtunnu.

Jónas Gunnlaugsson | 1. september 2021

Vitur stjórnun skóga krefst, annađhvort međ reglulegum smáeldum, eins og innfćddir Bandaríkjamenn gerđu, eđa međ virkri skógarstjórnun, ţar á međal mikilli skógarhöggs- og runna hreinsun og slökkvistarfi, eins og ríkisstjórnir gerđu fyrir 1990. Ţetta, en

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Skógareldar og vatnsflóđ eru ađeins venjulegar uppákomur. Alltaf er reynt ađ slökkva eldana og ţá verđur alltaf meira eldsneyti fyrir nćsta bruna. Eins er međ fljótin, ţau fá ekki ađ dreyfast um landiđ.

NASA Satellite Imagery Reveals Shocking Proof Of Climate Engineering. - Forvitnilegt. Ég lćt ţetta inn til geymslu, slóđir eru teknar niđur.

 

NASA Satellite Imagery Reveals Shocking Proof Of Climate Engineering

NASA Satellite Imagery Reveals Shocking Proof Of Climate Engineering » NASA Satellite Imagery Reveals Shocking Proof Of Climate Engineering | Geoengineering Watch

January 16, 2019     241 Comments

 
 

Dane Wigington
geoengineeringwatch.org

In regard to difficult to accept and unpleasant truths, a picture is worth a thousand words. The photo images shown below were captured from NASA satellite sources, they are truly alarming. These images provide shocking and undeniable proof of the ongoing global climate engineering/geoengineering/solar radiation management assault on our planet and its life support systems. Highly toxic heavy metals and chemicals that are systematically sprayed into our atmosphere from jet aircraft as part of the geoengineering / solar radiation management (SRM) programs, are manipulated with extremely powerful radio frequency signals. These signals are transmitted from countless locations around the globe from various types of transmission platforms (ionosphere heater installations like HAARP, SBX radar, NEXRAD, etc.). The impact of the microwave transmissions on cloud formations is profound and highly visible (square cloud formations are created under some scenarios). 

In the series of NASA satellite images below, many variances of radio frequency cloud impacts can be observed. The degree to which the ongoing climate engineering/climate/intervention/weather warfare is disrupting Earth's atmosphere and life support systems is already beyond catastrophic and rapidly escalating all over the globe.

Click to enlarge any of the images below

Off of east coast of Australia

geoengineeringwatch-org-104

West coast of Africa

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California coast

geoengineeringwatch-org-115

Off of Africa's west coast

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Off of Africa's west coast

geoengineeringwatch-org-116

Off of Africa's west coast

geoengineeringwatch-org-105

South of Spain in the Alboran Sea

geoengineeringwatch-org-108

Off of Africa's west coast

geoengineeringwatch-org-117

Off of Africa's west coast

geoengineeringwatch-org-112

The northwest coast of Australia

geoengineeringwatch-org-109

Off of Africa's west coast

geoengineeringwatch-org-110

Off of Africa's west coast

geoengineeringwatch-org-111

Eastern Pacific ocean west of Baja California

geoengineeringwatch-org-123

The Southern Ocean near Antarctica

Hurricane suppression/manipulation is one aspect/agenda of the climate engineers. 85% of the hurricanes that impact the US originate from Africa. Low pressure systems migrate toward the west, off of Africa's coast. A great deal of climate engineering/intervention takes place in this region, thus a number of the satellite images shown in this post were captured there. In the attempt to mask the climate intervention activity, the cyclone suppression occurring off the coast of Africa is officially blamed on "dust". Of course there is no acknowledgement of the ongoing climate engineering atrocities. The quote below is an excerpt from a FOX news article.

Right now, much of the Gulf of Mexico and parts of the Caribbean have slightly warmer than normal ocean temperatures which would normally aid in tropical development. But there is so much dust and dry air in the atmosphere that storms are getting choked off before they even get started.

geoengineeringwatch-org-120

Though some may feel that cyclone suppression is beneficial, such interference with Earth's natural rhythms and systems has a long list of catastrophic downstream effects. Available data indicates that in other scenarios the climate engineers are actually augmenting and steering cyclones to serve their own agenda. "Hurricane Matthew" may be an example of weather warfare on an unimaginable scale. Is hurricane Matthew being heavily manipulated and steered by the climate engineers? The evidence continues to stack up. Below is a satellite photo clearly showing atmospheric "waves" surrounding hurricane Matthew. SpaceWeather.com has labeled these as "gravity waves", but is that what these visible "waves" actually are? No. The satellite photos already shown in this post inarguably reveal heavy atmospheric manipulation from extremely powerful radio frequency/microwave transmissions and atmospheric aerosols. These transmissions leave a signature pattern on high level cloud formations that are saturated with electrically conductive heavy metal nanoparticles which are dispersed from jet aircraft as part of the ongoing climate engineering insanity.

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Does the photo above really show "gravity waves" surrounding hurricane Matthew? Or does it show the signature pattern of extremely powerful radio frequency/microwave transmissions interacting with aircraft dispersed atmospheric aerosols? The latter is the case, both of these elements / factors are a core part of climate and storm manipulation and steering. Photo: SpaceWeather.com

For those that want to examine the most complete climate engineering presentation from Geoengineering Watch, view the video below.

The global power structure long ago made the choice to subject our planet (and the entire web of life that it supports, including the human race) to an unimaginably massive and destructive climate intervention/weather warfare assault. This decision was made without the knowledge or consent of global populations. If we stand by and allow the decimation from the climate engineering insanity to continue, very soon Earth's life support systems will be beyond any recovery. This is not speculation, but a mathematical certainty. Help us with the most critical battle to expose and halt the climate intervention/weather warfare assault, all of us are needed in this fight. Sharing credible data from a credible source is key, make your voice heard.
DW

May be freely reprinted, so long as the text is unaltered, all hyperlinks are left intact, and credit for the article is prominently given to geoengineeringwatch.org and the article’s author with a hyperlink back to the original story.

241 RESPONSES TO NASA SATELLITE IMAGERY REVEALS SHOCKING PROOF OF CLIMATE ENGINEERING

  1.  chouchou says:

    DON´T WORRY THEY WILL BRING THIS PLANET DOVN

    •  Lovewavesdriftingforever says:

      No no and No… Are we really going to let them scuttle off into the 

      underground cities…where they no doubt believe ; they can download their brains to computers… and clone themselves… down there.. no they 

      have massive egos… and the cities will simply Implode… with all their madness… at such close quarters… they will if we allow them… but we will not allow them… these monsters are psychopaths and getting worse by the nanosecond… are we really going to give up hope… no no no way….we will never give up and never give in… what we exactly need is not a constant bombardment of facts and figures… were in a hole… and if we are not going to stop we will be in there forever… now we stand taller and we have a steely look in our eyes… for we have seen through the lies and arrived at the moment of TRUTH now it is time to DEMAND OUR FREEDOMS BACK… DEMAND A LEGITIMATE QUESTION IS GIVEN A LEGITIMATE ANSWER…. WELCOME TO THE NONPARTISAN COMMUNITY OF TRUTH versus AEROSOLS đŸ’¨đŸ’¨we HAVE ALL BEEN SPOONFED LIES… NOW IS THAT MOMENT…NOTHING ELSE EXISTS EXCEPT NOW…NOW IS THE CERTITUDE OF AN ATTITUDE OF CALMNESS IN THE CENTRE OF THE CYCLONE…NOW THEY ARE AFRAID AS WE DEMAND AND DEMOLISH THEIR DISGUSTING SICKENING EVIL STOP đŸ›‘ RIGHT THERE… WE ARE NOT FINISHED YET BUT IN THE ACENDENCY AND DEMAND OUR LAWS OF FREEDOM AND LOVE AND RESPECT AND TOGETHERNESS AND INTEGRITY BEYOND BELIEF SYSTEMS AND DOGMATISM TO DEMAND OUR RIGHTS AND DEMOLISH THEIR LYING đŸ¤Ą BLAIRISHNESS " Tough on CRIME…Tough on the causes of CRIME " YES NOW WE SEE THEM SQUIRM LIKE THE WORM … THE WORM HAS NOW TURNED OUT VERY WELL SO FAR FOR THEM… BUT NOW THE GAME IS FINISHED AND TO THE BATTLE  WE COMMENCE… WITH THE ARMOUR OF CONSCIENCE AND CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE SERIOUSNESS OF THE TIMES… THEY LIKE THE POOR DOGS HAVE HAD THEIR DAY… IN THE SPOTLIGHT NOW WE DEMAND THE TRUTH AND NOTHING ELSE BUT THE TRUTH…NOW YOU ARE CALLED TO ACCOUNT FOR IT IS JUDGEMENT DAY… THOUGH THOU DIDST NOT KNOW OF IT.. IT IS NOW…, AS THE SCALES âš–️ ARE REMOVED FROM THE ONE EYED GOD OF WAR PESTILENCE FAMINE AND DEATH CULT NOW WE HAVE YOU BANGED TO RIGHTLY BE HUNG OUT TO DRY WITH YOUR FIAT MONEY đŸ’° ASSURANCES WILL BE GIVEN FROM CREDIBLE SOURCES THAT ARRESTS WILL BE MADE AND THAT THE PERPETRATORS OF THE TYRANNY ARE THROWN INTO JAIL PERIOD.

  2.  Tad says:

    I call these "cloud crops" because that's what they resemble… something planted in the sky.


mbl.is Hitinn yfir 40 gráđur í fyrsta sinn
Tilkynna um óviđeigandi tengingu viđ frétt

Gold uppgötvađi ađ stađsetning helstu olíuframleiđslusvćđa í Miđ-Austurlöndum og Suđaustur-Asíu var skilgreind af stórfelldum mynstrum í yfirborđsjarđfrćđi og landfrćđi, svo sem djúpum brotalínum. Leita á Íslandi, sjó og landi.

Gold discovered that the location of major oil-producing regions in the Middle East and southeast Asia was defined by large scale patterns in surface geology and topography, such as deep fault lines. Leita á Íslandi, sjó og landi.

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Fara ađeins neđar   

Origins of petroleum[edit]

Setti á blog:    Ómar Ragnarsson

"Asni klyfjađur gulli kemst yfir hvađa borgarmúr, sem er."

Ţetta er ekki í fréttamiđlunum, ţá er erfiđara ađ halda olíunni í hámarksverđi. 

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Corsi og hans skođana brćđur segja ađ nćstum takmarkalaust frambođ sé á olíu. Einnig ađ hćgt sé ađ búa til olíu međ Eischer-Tropsch ađferđinni. OPEC stjórnar 80% af framleiđslunni. Öllum verđum er stjórnađ, olíunni, gullinu, lyfjunum og kaupgjaldinu.

Jónas Gunnlaugsson | 16. september 2018

Einhvern tíman las ég bók eftir einhvern Thomas Gold fćddur í Austurríki, bókin sennilega frá Ástralíu, og hann sagđi ađ olían, kćmi frá kolefni, sem kom í efninu sem varđ ađ plánetunni Jörđ, og endurnýist stanslaust. 000 The Big Oil Lie 

 Ţessar laugar og sprungur hleyptu gasinu út í andrúmsloftiđ, allstađar, og varđ ţađ til ţess ađ gasiđ ţynntist - nú hefur heita vatniđ sigiđ niđur, og gasiđ kemur helst upp um borholurnar, og enginn veit hvort gasiđ er meira í andrúmsloftinu nú.

Jónas Gunnlaugsson | 31. mars 2018

Sett á blogg: Ómar Ragnarsson Kaffćringarţöggun varđandi rányrkju og óţef hér. https://omarragnarsson.blog.is/blog/omarragnarsson/entry/2213931/ Sćl og blessađur, Ómar Ragnarsson, og bloggarar. Ţetta er athygli verđ umrćđa. Hér áđur, höfđum viđ laugar í

 

Jónas Gunnlaugsson, 16.7.2022 kl. 11:22

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Fara niđurfyrir ţessa og lesa 

Origins of petroleum[edit]

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Relationship with NASA[edit]

 
Bootprint of Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin on the surface of the Moon. Aldrin photographed this bootprint on July 20, 1969, as part of investigations into the soil mechanics of the lunar surface.

From the 1950s, Gold served as a consultant to NASA and held positions on several national space committees, including the President's Science Advisory Committee, as the United States tried to develop its space program. At the time, scientists were engaged in a heated debate over the physical properties of the moon's surface. In 1955, he predicted that the Moon was covered by a layer of fine rock powder stemming from "the ceaseless bombardment of its surface by Solar System debris".[24] This led to the dust being jokingly referred to as "Gold dust"[32] or "Gold's dust".[33] Gold initially suggested that astronauts would sink into the dust, but upon later analysis of impact craters and electrostatic fields, he determined that the astronauts' boots would sink only three centimeters into the Moon's surface. In any case, NASA sent unmanned Surveyors to analyze the conditions on the surface of the Moon. Gold was ridiculed by fellow scientists, not only for his hypothesis, but for the approach he took in communicating NASA's concerns to the American public; in particular, some experts were infuriated with his usage of the term "moon dust" in reference to lunar regolith.[34] When the Apollo 11 crew landed on the Moon in 1969 and brought back the first samples of lunar rocks, researchers found that lunar soil was in fact powdery. Gold said the findings were consistent with his hypothesis, noting that "in one area as they walked along, they sank in between five and eight inches". However, Gold received little credit for his correct prediction, and was even criticized for his original prediction of a deep layer of lunar dust.[24] Gold had also contributed to the Apollo program by designing the Apollo Lunar Surface Closeup Camera (ALSCC) (a kind of stereo camera) used on the Apollo 11, 12, and 14 missions.[24][35]

In the 1970s and 1980s, Gold was a vocal critic of NASA's Space Shuttle program, deriding claims that the agency could fly 50 missions a year or that it could have low budget costs. NASA officials warned Gold that if he testified his concerns before Congress, his research proposals would lose their support from NASA. Gold ignored the warning and testified before a Congressional committee headed by Senator Walter Mondale. In a letter to NASA administrator James C. Fletcher, George Low wrote that "Gold should realize that being funded by the Government and NASA is a privilege, and that it would make little sense for us to fund him as long as his views are what they are now".[36] Gold recalled the aftermath of his testimony in a 1983 interview with astronomy historian David H. DeVorkin:

I had a very hard time with NASA, year after year. I got some more money, but eventually it fizzled out, after three years or so after this event. My applications, which previously each year had always gone through very smoothly, were turned down. I would then have to go to Washington, discuss it with them. and I then would get a certain fraction of it resurrected. For several years running this happened, and then eventually it fizzled permanently, and I've not tried to get any money out of NASA since.
...
I was certainly regarded as persona non grata with NASA after that. I had a very hard time. Shortly after that Noel Hinners became the Space Science administrator, and he used to joke about it and say, "Oh. Tommy's got to come to his annual pilgrimage to Washington," and regarded it as very funny, but then he'd always give me some money. But always clearly as a persona non grata.[37]

Origins of petroleum[edit]

 
Tube worms feeding at base of a black smoker hydrothermal vent

Gold first became interested in the origins of petroleum in the 1950s, postulating a theory on the abiogenic formation of fossil fuels. Gold engaged in thorough discussion on the matter with Fred Hoyle, who even included a chapter on "Gold's Pore Theory" in his 1955 book Frontiers in Astronomy.[26][38] In the late 1970s, just as the United States faced another major energy crisis, Gold resurrected his work on petroleum. In 1977, a research submarine near the Galapagos Islands discovered a number of thriving ecosystems down on the ocean floor, living alongside hydrothermal vents. Later expeditions found that these vents were host to a number of organisms, including giant tube worms and albino crabs, that survived off heat-loving chemosynthetic microbes. The discovery of life in this adverse environment led Gold to reconsider the established interpretation of biogenic petroleum formation. Gold believed that "biology is just a branch of thermodynamics" and that the history of life is just "a gradual systematic development toward more efficient ways of degrading energy".[39]

He began his investigation by studying how earthquakes facilitated the migration of methane gas from the deep Earth to the surface.[40] He speculated that a large enough earthquake would fracture the ground, thus opening up an "escape route" for gas. Gold believed that this would explain the number of unusual phenomena associated with earthquakes, such as fires, flares, earthquake lights and gas emissions. With his colleague Steven Soter, Gold constructed a map of the world depicting major oil-producing regions and areas with historical seismic activity. Several oil-rich regions, such as Alaska, Texas, the Caribbean, Mexico, Venezuela, the Persian Gulf, the Urals, Siberia, and Southeast Asia, were found to be lying on major earthquake belts. Gold and Soter suggested that these belts may explain the upward migration of gases through the ground, and subsequently, the production of oil and gas fields.[40][41]

Gold theorized that since petroleum and its component hydrocarbons were present across the entire universe, there was no reason to believe "that on Earth they must be biological in origin".[39] Gold proposed that fuels were trapped inside the core of the Earth in randomized molecular form nearly 4.5 billion years ago. Over time, the extreme heat of the core "sweated" the rocks that contained these molecules, pushing them up through the porous layers of the Earth. As they move up toward the surface, the hydrocarbons fueled the development of large microbial colonies, which served as the basis for life on Earth. The migrating fossil fuels collect biological remnants before becoming trapped in deep underground reservoirs.[39] Soon after Gold started publishing his theories, researchers discovered a number of ecosystems functioning under "conditions of heat and pressure once thought impossible to sustain life". In addition, Gold discovered that the location of major oil-producing regions in the Middle East and southeast Asia was defined by large scale patterns in surface geology and topography, such as deep fault lines. He also pointed to the abundance of helium in oil and gas reserves as evidence for "a deep source of the hydrocarbons".[40] Moreover, a few oil reserves thought to have been exhausted were suddenly generating vast amounts of crude oil.[42] From this, Gold proposed that the Earth may possess a virtually endless supply – suggesting as much as "at least 500 million years' worth of gas" – of fossil fuels.[43][44]

Gold was accused of plagiarizing the abiogenic theory from Soviet geologists who first published it in the 1950s, but the accusations were refuted.[45][46] After first publishing his views on abiogenic petroleum in 1979, Gold began finding the papers on the subject by Soviet geologists and had them translated. He was both disappointed (that his ideas were not original) and delighted (because such independent formulation of these ideas added weight to the hypothesis). He always credited the Soviet work once he knew about it.[4] His 1987 book Power from the Earth devoted five pages to describing important Russian contributions to the field, including those by Mendeleev, Sokoloff, Vernadsky, Kudryavtsev, Beskrovny, Porfir'ev, Kravtsov, Kropotkin, Valyaev, Voronoy, and Chekaliuk.[45]

Drilling in Siljan[edit]

 
Sweden's Lake Siljan is a large lake created from an eroded impact crater, the Siljan Ring, that was formed by a meteorite impact about 370 million years ago. It was at this lake that Gold proposed as the most likely place to test the hypothesis on the origin of petroleum because it was one of the few places in the world where the granite basement was cracked sufficiently to allow oil to seep up from the mantle.

Gold began testing his theory in 1986 when, with the backing of a group of investors, Vattenfall and the Gas Research Institute, he commenced efforts to drill a deep borehole – named Gravberg-1 – into the earth near Lake Siljan in search of abiogenic gas in the mantle. The region was the site of a large meteor crater, which would have "opened channels deep enough for the methane to migrate upward" and formed deposits in caprock just a few miles beneath the surface.[47] He estimated that the fractures near Lake Siljan reached down nearly 40 kilometres (25 mi) into the earth.[48]

In 1987, approximately 900 barrels (140 m3) of drilling lubricant disappeared nearly 20,000 feet (6,100 m) into the ground, leading Gold to believe that the lubricant had fallen into a methane reservoir.[49] Soon after, the team brought up nearly 100 liters of black oily sludge to the surface. Gold claimed that the sludge contained both oil and remnants of archaebacteria. He argued that "it suggests there is an enormous sphere of life, of biology, at deeper levels in the ground than we have had any knowledge of previously" and that this evidence would "destroy the orthodox argument that since oil contains biological molecules, oil reserves must have derived from biological material". The announcement of Gold's findings was met with mixed reactions, ranging from "furious incredulity" to "deep skepticism".[50] Geochemist Geoffrey P. Glasby speculated that the sludge could have been formed from the Fischer–Tropsch process, a catalyzed chemical reaction in which synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, is converted into liquid hydrocarbons.[51] Critics also dismissed Gold's archaebacteria finding, stating that "since micro-organisms cannot survive at such depth, the bacteria prove that the well has been contaminated from the surface".[52] Geochemist Paul Philp analyzed the sludge and concluded that he could not differentiate between the samples of sludge and oil seep found in sedimentary shale rocks near the surface. He reasoned that oil had migrated from the shale down to the granite deep in the ground.[53] Gold disputed Philp's finding, believing that the oil and gas could have just as easily migrated up to the surface: "They would have it that the oil and gas we found down there was from the five feet of sediments on the top – had seeped all the way down six kilometres down into the granite. I mean, such complete absurdity: you can imagine sitting there with five feet of soil and six kilometres underneath of dense granitic rock, and that methane produced up there has crawled all the way down in preference to water. Absolute nonsense."[52]

In light of the controversy surrounding the sludge and possible drill contamination, Gold abandoned the project at Gravberg-1, calling it a "complete fiasco", and redesigned the experiment by replacing his oil-based drilling lubricant with a water-based one.[54]

The drill hit oil in the spring of 1989, but only collected about 80 barrels (13 m3). Gold stated, "It was not coming up at a rate at which you could sell it, but it showed there was oil down there." The drill then ran into technical problems and was stopped at a depth of 6.8 kilometres (4.2 mi). The hole was closed, but a second hole was opened for drilling closer to the "center of the impact ring where there was even less sedimentary rock". By October 1991, the drill hit oil 3.8 kilometres (2.4 mi) into the ground, but many skeptics remained unconvinced of the site's prospects.[48][55] One skeptic, Christer Akerman, the chief geologist of the Geological Survey of Sweden, remarked, "[t]here is every reason to stay calm and await the analysis of what they have found. The point is also that they will have to find commercially viable amounts, and it may be a long time before we know if they do."[56] Geologist John R. Castańo concluded that there was insufficient evidence of the mantle as the hydrocarbon source and that it was unlikely that the Siljan site could be used as a commercial gas field.[57] Some skeptics countered Gold's claims by suggesting that the oil found was actually contamination from the drilling.[33] In 2019, a study of gases and secondary carbonate minerals revealed that long-term microbial methanogenesis has occurred in situ deep within the fracture system of the crater (for at least 80 million years) and with an obvious spatial link to seep oils of surficial sedimentary origin,[58] at odds with Gold's theories of deep abiotic gas migration.

The Deep Hot Biosphere[edit]

In a 1992 paper, "The Deep, Hot Biosphere",[59] Gold first suggested that microbial life is widespread in the porosity of the crust of the Earth, down to depths of several kilometers, where rising temperatures finally set a limit. The subsurface life obtains its energy not from photosynthesis but from chemical sources in fluids migrating upwards through the crust. The mass of the deep biosphere may be comparable to that of the surface biosphere. Subsurface life may be widespread on other bodies in the solar system and throughout the universe, even on worlds unaccompanied by other stars.

A 1993 article by journalist William Broad, published in The New York Times and titled "Strange New Microbes Hint at a Vast Subterranean World,"[60] carried Gold's thesis to public attention. The article began, "New forms of microbial life are being discovered in such abundance deep inside the Earth that some scientists are beginning to suspect that the planet has a hidden biosphere extending miles down whose total mass may rival or exceed that of all surface life. If a deep biosphere does exist, scientists say, its discovery will rewrite textbooks while shedding new light on the mystery of life's origins. Even skeptics say the thesis is intriguing enough to warrant new studies of the subterranean realm."

The 1993 article also features how Gold's thesis expands possibilities for astrobiology research: "Dr. Thomas Gold, an astrophysicist at Cornell University known for bold theorizing, has speculated that subterranean life may dot the cosmos, secluded beneath the surfaces of planets and moons and energized by geological processes, with no need for the warming radiation of nearby stars. He wrote in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences last year that the solar system might harbor at least 10 deep biospheres. 'Such life may be widely disseminated in the universe,' he said, 'since planetary type bodies with similar subsurface conditions may be common as solitary objects in space, as well as in other solar-type systems.'"

Gold also published a book of the same title, The Deep Hot Biosphere,[61] in 1999, which expanded on the arguments in his 1992 paper and included speculations on the origin of life and on horizontal gene transfer. According to Gold, bacteria feeding on the oil accounts for the presence of biological debris in hydrocarbon fuels, obviating the need to resort to a biogenic theory for the origin of the latter. The flows of underground hydrocarbons may also explain oddities in the concentration of other mineral deposits. In short, Gold said about the origin of natural hydrocarbons (petroleum and natural gas): Hydrocarbons are not biology reworked by geology (as the traditional view would hold), but rather geology reworked by biology.[45]

Freeman Dyson wrote the foreword to Gold's 1999 book, where he concluded, "Gold's theories are always original, always important, usually controversial — and usually right. It is my belief, based on fifty years of observation of Gold as a friend and colleague, that the deep hot biosphere is all of the above: original, important, controversial — and right."[62] (Dyson also delivered a eulogy at Gold's memorial service, a segment of which pertaining to the deep hot biosphere theory is posted on youtube.)[63]

Following Gold's death, scientific discoveries amplified and also shifted understanding of the deep hot biosphere into what is now generally called deep biosphere. A term Gold coined in his 1999 book carries forward[64] and is a reminder of the worldview shift he advocated.[65] The term is "surface chauvinism". Gold wrote, "In retrospect, it is not hard to understand why the scientific community has typically sought only surface life in the heavens. Scientists have been hindered by a sort of 'surface chauvinism.'".[66]

Academic legacy[edit]

 
Carl Sagan, hired by Gold after Sagan was denied tenure at Harvard University in 1968

Throughout his academic career, Gold received a number of honors and distinctions. He was a Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society (1948), the Royal Society (1964),[4] the American Geophysical Union (1962), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1974), and the American Astronautical Society, a member of the American Philosophical Society (1972), the United States National Academy of Sciences (1974) and the International Academy of Astronautics, and an Honorary Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge (1986).[67] In addition, he served as President of the New York Astronomical Society from 1981 to 1986.[25] Gold won the John Frederick Lewis Prize from the American Philosophical Society in 1972 for his paper "The Nature of the Lunar Surface: Recent Evidence"[68] and the Humboldt Prize from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in 1979.[67] In 1985, Gold won the prestigious Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, an award whose recipients include Fred Hoyle, Hermann Bondi, Martin Ryle, Edwin Hubble, James Van Allen, Fritz Zwicky, Hannes Alfvén and Albert Einstein.[69] Gold did not earn a doctorate, but received an honorary Doctor of Science degree from Cambridge University in 1969.[70]

Astrophysicists Geoffrey and Margaret Burbidge remarked that Gold "was one of the outstanding physicists of his time" and that his "versatility was unmatched".[71] In his foreword to Gold's book The Deep Hot Biosphere, theoretical physicist Freeman Dyson stated, "Gold's theories are always original, always important, usually controversial – and usually right."[72]

In the journal Nature, Hermann Bondi wrote "Tommy Gold will long be remembered as a singular scientist who stepped into any field where he thought an option was being overlooked. He was also unusual in working mainly theoretically, but using little mathematics, relying instead on his profound intuitive understanding of physics."[24] Stanley F. Dermott wrote "Tommy was a handsome, charming and generous man and a loyal colleague who formed many long-lasting friendships. A witty and articulate speaker, he was regarded by some as a scientific maverick who delighted in controversy. In reality, he was an iconoclast whose strength was in penetrating analysis of the assumptions on which some of our most important theories are based."[73] Anthony Tucker of The Guardian said, "Throughout his life he would dive into new territory to open up problems unseen by others – in biophysics, astrophysics, space engineering, or geophysics. Controversy followed him everywhere. Possessing profound scientific intuition and open-minded rigour, he usually ended up challenging the cherished assumptions of others and, to the discomfiture of the scientific establishment, often found them wanting. His stature and influence were international."[10] Harvard biologist Stephen Jay Gould labeled Gold as "one of America's most iconoclastic scientists".[39] Gold has been derided by geologists, such as Harmon Craig and John Hunt,[39] who are strongly opposed to Gold's abiogenic petroleum theory. Others had even started campaigns to prevent Gold from publishing his findings.[39]


Ţeir eiga bankann, eiga dollarann og eiga allar helstu fjölmiđlaleiđir, hernađariđnađarflóruna og flesta stjórnmálamenn, dómara og löggur, segir ţessi grein. Ţetta er auđvitađ hiđ besta fólk, eđa eins og viđ.

 

Íslensk Word tölvu ţýđing neđar og ekkert lagađ, segist ekki hafa tíma.

 

Enskan:   https://jonasg-egi.blog.is/blog/jonasg-egi/entry/2280690/

000

Ţeir eiga einkarétt á dollaranum og fćra einfaldlega dollara inn í bankabćkur sínar til ađ grćđa peninga sem ţeir lána okkur svo aftur međ hagnađi. Fyrir ţá vaxa peningar ekki á trjánum, ţeir eru einfaldlega gagnafćrsla inn á reikninginn ţeirra.

12.7.2022 | 18:47

Skođa betur ţessar setningar frá fyrra bloggi.

Slóđ

Ţetta eru strengirnir sem stjórna brúđusýningunni

10.7.2022 | 11:06

000

Bakstjórnin segist hafa völdin 

Ađaleigendur eru útibú evrópskra starfsstöđva. Útlendingar stjórna peningaframbođi Bandaríkjanna. Ţeir eiga bókstaflega einkarétt á dollaranum og slá einfaldlega inn dollara í bankabćkurnar sínar til ađ grćđa peninga sem ţeir lána okkur síđan aftur međ hagnađi.

Fyrir ţá vaxa peningar ekki á trjám, ţađ er einfaldlega gagnafćrsla inn á reikninginn ţeirra.

000

Ţýđandi Microsoft Office

Ljóst er ađ einkaeignarréttur Bandaríkjadals er langmesti glćpur aldarinnar. Eigendur ţessa banka hafa stađiđ fyrir öllum helstu stríđum og kreppum á síđustu 100 árum.

Ţeir eiga bankann, eiga dollarann og eiga allar helstu fjölmiđlaleiđir, hernađariđnađarflóruna og flesta stjórnmálamenn, dómara og löggur.

000

Ég er ađ missa tökin, engin trúir ţví lengur ađ ég láni nokkuđ, peningur er ađeins skrifuđ tala, bókhald.

Ţá vil ég eyđileggja alla peningaprentun, peninga bókhald.

Ég er búin ađ taka allan gullforđan,

upp í skuldina, sem er engin skuld

og vil láta alla halda ađ ţađ einna sem er verđmćti sé gulliđ sem ég rćđ yfir.

000

Allt gull í heiminum er ekki nema brot af öllum eignum og framkvćmdum í heiminum, og ef viđ ćtluđum ađ láta ţađ ráđa gerđunum ţá verđa vandrćđi.

000

Hvernig getum viđ búiđ til fjármálabókhald, fyrir ríkiđ, bćjarfélagiđ, félögin, ćttirnar og einstaklinginn? 

000

Allir hugsi. 

Meira. 

Egilsstađir, 12.07.2022   Jónas Gunnlaugsson

 

 Bloggar | Breytt s.d. kl. 19:10 | Slóđ |  Facebook | Athugasemdir (0)

Word tölvu ţýđing og ekkert lagađ.

 

Ţetta eru strengirnir sem stjórna brúđusýningunni

10.7.2022 | 11:06

Bitterroot Bugle

fréttir, fréttaskýringar, aktívismi, frelsi og heiđur í Bitterroot

https://www.bitterrootbugle.com/banking-history/

 bankasaga

By Ted Dunlap, á mars 19, 2013

Ţetta var umfangsmikiđ verkefni. Ég missti án efa af flestu af ţví og fékk líklega nokkur smáatriđi rangt, en ţú getur fengiđ heilmikiđ af "What the heck happened to our money, our free country and our world" hérna. Ég hvet ykkur eindregiđ til ađ deila. Ég mun nota ţetta sem tilvísunarverk í langan tíma. Ég hvet ykkur til ađ gera ţađ líka.

Ţetta eru strengirnir sem stjórna brúđusýningunni

48 f.Kr.
Júlíus Sesar tók aftur af peningaskiptamönnunum vald til ađ mynta peninga og sló síđan mynt í ţágu allra. Međ ţessu nýja, mikla peningamagni kom hann á fót mörgum stórfelldum framkvćmdum og byggđi upp frábćrar opinberar framkvćmdir. Međ ţví ađ grćđa peninga ríkulega vann Sesar ást almúgans.

En peningaskiptin hötuđu hann fyrir ţađ og ţess vegna var Sesar myrtur. Strax eftir morđiđ á honum kom andlát mikils fjár í Róm, skattar hćkkuđu, sem og spilling. Á endanum minnkađi peningamagn Rómverja um 90 prósent sem varđ til ţess ađ almúginn missti lönd sín og heimili.

1694
Eftir kostnađarsama röđ stríđa síđustu 50 árin fara enskir embćttismenn, cap in hand, til peningaskiptamannanna vegna lána sem nauđsynleg eru til ađ fylgja eftir pólitískum tilgangi sínum. Peningaskiptamennirnir eru sammála um ađ leysa ţennan vanda í skiptum fyrir ríkissjóđ sem sankađi ađ sér banka í einkaeigu sem gćti gefiđ út peninga sem yrđu til úr engu. Englandsbanki myndi lána embćttismönnum eins mikiđ af hinum nýja gjaldmiđli og ţeir vildu, svo framarlega sem ţeir tryggđu sér skuldina međ beinni skattlagningu bresku ţjóđarinnar. Englandsbanki nam hvorki meira né minna en löglegri fölsun innlends gjaldmiđils í einkahagnađi

1764
Benjamin Franklin er beđinn af embćttismönnum Englandsbanka ađ útskýra velmegun nýlendnanna í Ameríku. Hann svarar: "Ţađ er einfalt. Í nýlendunum gefum viđ út okkar eigin peninga. Ţađ er kallađ Colonial Scrip. Viđ gefum ţađ út í réttu hlutfalli viđ kröfur viđskipta og iđnađar til ađ láta vörurnar fara auđveldlega frá framleiđendum til neytenda. Međ ţessum hćtti ađ búa til fyrir okkur okkar eigin pappírspeninga, viđ stjórnum kaupmćtti ţess og höfum enga hagsmuni af ţví ađ borga neinum."

Í kjölfar yfirlýsingar Franklins samţykkti breska ţingiđ í flýti gjaldeyrislögin frá 1764. Ţetta bannađi nýlenduherrum ađ gefa út eigin peninga og skipađi ţeim ađ greiđa alla framtíđarskatta í gull- eđa silfurpeningum. Međ vísan til ţess ađ eftir ađ ţessi lög voru samţykkt myndi Franklin taka eftirfarandi fram í sjálfsćvisögu sinni,

"Á einu ári voru ađstćđur svo snúnar viđ ađ tímum velmegunar lauk og kreppan setti strik í reikninginn, í svo miklum mćli ađ götur nýlendnanna fylltust af atvinnulausum... Nýlendurnar hefđu gjarna boriđ litla skattinn á te og önnur mál ef ekki hefđi veriđ ađ England hefđi tekiđ frá nýlendum fé sitt sem skapađi atvinnuleysi og óánćgju.

Lífvćnleiki nýlenduherranna til ađ fá völd til ađ gefa út eigin peninga til frambúđar úr höndum Georgs III konungs og alţjóđlegu bankamannanna var ađalástćđan fyrir byltingarstríđinu."

1776-1790:
Sjálfstćđi Bandaríkjanna – Frjáls bankastarfsemi -enginn formlegur seđlabanki.

1780
Thomas Jefferson var ómyrkur í máli: "Ég trúi ţví einlćglega ađ ţćr bankastofnanir sem hafa útgáfuvald peninga séu hćttulegri frelsinu en standandi herir"

1790
Fékk Hamilton ţingiđ til ađ samţykkja forsendulögin ţar sem alríkisstjórnin tók viđ skuldum ríkja. Áriđ 1791 skipulagđi ţingiđ Banka Bandaríkjanna. Ţingiđ samţykkir myntlögin áriđ 1792 sem koma á fót bandarískri myntsláttu. Hamilton sagđi af sér embćtti fjármálaráđherra áriđ 1793. Greint er frá ţví ađ Hamilton hafi fengiđ greitt frá Rothschild fjölskyldunni fyrir ţessa ţjónustu.

Ţessi banki varđ til eftir ár af mikilli umrćđu og fékk 20 ára skipulagsskrá. Ţađ fékk einokun á prentun á gjaldmiđli Bandaríkjanna ţótt 80% af hlutabréfum ţess vćru í eigu einkafjárfesta. Hin 20% voru keypt af bandaríkjastjórn, en ţađ var ekki til ađ gefa ţví stykki ef ađgerđin, heldur til ađ útvega fjármagn fyrir einkafjárfestana til ađ kaupa hin 80%.

Líkt og hjá Englandsbanka og gamla Norđur-Ameríkubanka greiddu ţessir einkafjárfestar aldrei alla umsamda upphćđ fyrir hlutabréf sín. Ţađ sem gerđist var í gegnum sviksamlegt kerfi brotakenndrar varasjóđsbankastarfsemi, 20% hlut ríkisins sem var 2.000.000 dollarar í reiđufé, var notađur til ađ veita einkafjárfestum sínum lán til ađ kaupa hinn 80% hlutinn, 8.000.000 pund, fyrir ţessa áhćttulausu fjárfestingu.

Aftur eins og Englandsbanki og gamli Bank of North America, nafniđ, "Fyrsti banki Bandaríkjanna", var vísvitandi valiđ til ađ fela fyrir almúganum ţá stađreynd ađ hann var í einkaeigu. Nöfn fjárfesta í ţessum banka voru aldrei opinberuđ, ţótt almennt sé taliđ ađ Rothschild-hjónin hafi stađiđ ađ baki honum.

1811
Var lagt fram frumvarp fyrir ţingiđ um endurnýjun stofnskrár fyrsta bankans í Bandaríkjunum. Löggjafarţing bćđi Pennsylvaníu og Virginíu samţykkja ályktanir ţar sem ţingiđ er beđiđ um ađ drepa bankann. Innlendir fjölmiđlar ráđast opinskátt á bankann og kalla hann: mikinn svindl; hrćgammur; viper; og kóbra.

Nathan Rothschild kemst inn í verknađinn og gefur eftirfarandi afhjúpandi yfirlýsingu um hver hafi raunverulega stađiđ ađ baki fyrsta banka Bandaríkjanna: "Annađ hvort er sótt um endurnýjun sáttmálans veitt eđa Bandaríkin munu lenda í hörmulegasta stríđi."

Ţingiđ neitađi ađ endurnýja stofnskrá fyrir Seđlabanka Bandaríkjanna & bankinn er lokađur.

1812-1815
Stríđiđ brýst út viđ Bretland.

1815
sendi Nathan Rothschild traustan sendibođa ađ nafni Rothworth til Waterloo ţar sem hann dvaldi á jađri vígvallarins. Ţegar bardaginn var ákveđinn fór Rothworth á flug fyrir Ermarsundiđ og flutti Nathan Rothschild fréttir af sigri Wellingtons heilum sólarhring fyrir sendibođa Wellingtons sjálfs.

Nathan Rothschild flýtti sér á hlutabréfamarkađinn í London og stóđ í sinni venjulegu stöđu. Allra augu beindust ađ honum ţar sem Rothschild var međ gođsagnakennt fjarskiptanet. Rothschild stóđ ţarna í leit ađ forlorn og byrjađi skyndilega ađ selja. Hinir kaupmennirnir töldu ađ ţetta ţýddi ađ hann hefđi heyrt ađ Napóleon hefđi unniđ svo ţeir fóru allir ađ seljast ofbođslega.

Markađurinn hrapađi í kjölfariđ, fljótlega voru allir ađ selja rćđismenn sína (bresk ríkisskuldabréf), en ţá fór Rothschild leynilega ađ kaupa ţá alla upp í gegnum umbođsmenn sína á gólfinu, fyrir brot af ţví sem ţeir voru ţess virđi ađeins nokkrum klukkustundum áđur. Hćgt var ađ breyta mörgum ţessara rćđismanna í hlutabréf Englandsbanka og ţannig tók Rothschild viđ yfirráđum yfir Englandsbanka og ţar međ breska peningamagninu.

1815
Annar banki Bandaríkjanna er heimilađur, var löggiltur 1816 og opnađur 1817.

1828
Eftir 12 ár ţar sem annar banki Bandaríkjanna, hagrćddi bandarísku efnahagslífi miskunnarlaust til skađa en til hagsbóta fyrir eigin peninga sem gripu til enda, hafđi bandaríska ţjóđin óvćnt fengiđ nóg. Andstćđingar ţessa banka tilnefndu Andrew Jackson öldungadeildarţingmann frá Tennessee til ađ bjóđa sig fram til forseta.

Til mikillar skelfingar vann Jackson forsetaembćttiđ og gerđi ţađ alveg ljóst ađ hann ćtlađi ađ drepa ţennan banka viđ fyrsta tćkifćri. Hann byrjađi á fyrsta kjörtímabili sínu í embćtti, ađ upprćta bankana mörgum minions úr ríkisţjónustunni. Til ađ sýna fram á hversu djúpt ţetta krabbamein átti rćtur ađ rekja til ríkisstjórnarinnar rak hann 2.000 af 11.000 starfsmönnum alríkisstjórnarinnar.

1834
Jackson fjarlćgđi allar innstćđur ríkisins úr öđrum banka Rothschild í Bandaríkjunum Í desember áriđ 1834 lýsti Jackson forseti ţví yfir ađ skuldir ríkisins yrđu greiddar. Nćsta mánuđ var gerđ morđtilraun á Jackson.

"Bankinn, er ađ reyna ađ drepa mig, en ég mun drepa hann! Ţú ert bćli af vipers og ţjófum. Ég ćtla ađ ryđja yđur út, og fyrir hinn eilífa Guđ mun ég ryđja ţér út."

1836
Hnekkti ţingiđ, Jackson lokađi Banka Bandaríkjanna og sagđi: "Sú djörfu viđleitni sem núverandi banki hafđi gert til ađ stjórna ríkisstjórninni eru ađeins fyrirbođar um örlögin sem bíđa bandarísku ţjóđarinnar ef ţeir verđa blekktir til frambúđar á ţessari stofnun eđa stofnun annarrar eins. "

1838
Hinn 8. janúar greiđir Jackson forseti endanlega afborgun ríkisskulda, sem nauđsynlegt hafđi veriđ međ ţví ađ leyfa bönkunum ađ gefa út gjaldeyri fyrir ríkisskuldabréf, frekar en ađ gefa einfaldlega út ríkisbréf án slíkra skulda.  Hann var eini forsetinn sem greiddi skuldina.

Ţann 30. janúar reyndi morđingi ađ nafni Richard Lawrence ađ skjóta Jackson forseta en báđir skammbyssurnar fóru illa međ hann. Lawrence var síđar fundinn saklaus vegna geđveiki. Eftir ađ hann var látinn laus montađi hann sig hins vegar opinskátt af ţví ađ valdamikiđ fólk í Evrópu hefđi sett hann í verkiđ og lofađ ađ vernda hann ef hann nćđi tökum á honum.

Ţegar Jackson forseti var spurđur hvert mikilvćgasta afrek hans hefđi veriđ í lífinu sagđi hann hiklaust: "Ég drap bankann!"

1841
Ţingmannafrumvörp um stofnun nýs ríkisbanka voru tvívegis neituđ af Tyler forseta.

1849
Zachary Taylor 12. forseti Bandaríkjanna "Ekkert land gćti dafnađ án ţess ađ geta sjálfstćtt dómskerfi og traustan gjaldmiđil". Hugmyndin um ríkisbanka "er dauđ og verđur ekki endurvakin á mínum tíma."

1850
Taylor dó eftir ađ hafa borđađ skál af kirsuberjum og mjólk ... orđrómur er um ađ hann hafi veriđ drepinn af arsenikeitrun.

1857-1861
James Buchanan, 15. forseti Bandaríkjanna, var andvígur seđlabanka í einkaeigu. Hann ţjáđist af arsenikeitrun en ţrjátíu og átta ađrir á veislunni dóu.

1861
Lincoln sagđi: "Peningaveldin bráđna á ţjóđinni á tímum friđar og samsćris gegn henni á tímum mótlćtis. Bankavaldiđ er afdrifaríkara en konungsveldi, ósvífnara en sjálfrćđi, eigingjarnara en skrifrćđi. Ţeir fordćma sem opinbera óvini alla sem efast um ađferđir sínar eđa varpa ljósi á glćpi sína. Ég á tvo stóra óvini, Suđurnesjaherinn fyrir framan mig og bankamennina ađ aftan. Af ţessu tvennu er sá sem er ađ aftan á mér mesti fjandmađur minn.

Í febrúar 1863
kom ţingiđ á fót öđru ríkisbankakerfi. Bankamennirnir ćtluđu ađ rukka á bilinu 24% til 36% vexti fyrir peninga til ađ fjármagna stríđiđ. Til ađ koma í veg fyrir vextina pantađi Lincoln prentun á 450 milljónum dala í bankaseđla sem bandarísk stjórnvöld tryggđu.

14. apríl 1865
var Lincoln myrtur og ţingiđ afturkallađi Greenback-lögin og setti í stađ ţeirra lög um bankastarfsemi sem styđja innlenda banka í einkaeigu. Samstarfsmenn morđingja Lincolns forseta voru ađ sögn margra á launaskrá Rothschild-hjónanna. Ţjóđinni var hent í stöđugar skuldir og greiddi vexti til bankamanna sem sköpuđu reiđufé. Eftir morđiđ á Lincoln varđ Andrew Johnson, sem margir hafa sýnt ađ tók ţátt í morđinu, forseti.

  1. desember 1865
    Var ný ţrettánda breyting fullgilt ţar sem litiđ var framhjá fyrirliggjandi rétt fullgiltri 13. viđauka sem felldi niđur ríkisborgararétt einstaklinga sem sóru öđrum ţjóđum eđa leynifélögum hollustu.

1872
Ernest Seyd er sendur til Ameríku í leiđangur frá Rothschild-hluta Englandsbanka. Hann fćr 100.000 dollara sem hann á ađ nota til ađ múta eins mörgum ţingmönnum og ţörf krefur, í ţeim tilgangi ađ fá silfur demonetized, eins og ţađ hafđi fundist í miklu magni á Vesturlöndum Ameríku, sem myndi éta inn í hagnađ Rothschild.

1873
eyddi Ernest Seyd augljóslega peningum sínum skynsamlega, ţegar ţingiđ samţykkir, "Myntlögin", sem leiđa til ţess ađ slátrun silfurdala er skyndilega stöđvuđ. Ennfremur viđurkenndi Samuel Hooper, fulltrúi, sem lagđi frumvarpiđ fram í húsinu, meira ađ segja ađ Ernest Seyd hefđi í raun samiđ löggjöfina.

1876
Vegna međferđar á peningamagninu í Ameríku er ţriđjungur vinnuaflsins atvinnulaus og órói fer vaxandi.

1877
Óeirđir brjótast út frá Pittsburgh til Chicago. Bankamennirnir koma saman til ađ ákveđa hvađ ţeir eigi ađ gera og ţeir ákváđu ađ hanga á, ţar sem ţeir vissu ađ ţrátt fyrir ofbeldiđ voru ţeir nú komnir aftur í stjórn. Ţeir samţykktu "... ađ ţú munir einnig halda eftir verndarvćng frá öllum umsćkjendum sem eru ekki tilbúnir ađ vera á móti ríkismálinu af peningum.... Ađ fella úr gildi lögin sem búa til bankaseđla, eđa koma aftur á dreifingu peninga, verđur ađ veita fólkinu peninga og mun ţví hafa alvarleg áhrif á einstaklingsbundinn hagnađ okkar sem bankamanna og lánveitenda. Sjáđu ţingmanninn ţinn strax og fáđu hann til ađ styđja viđ hagsmuni okkar um ađ viđ megum stjórna löggjöf."

1881
James A. Garfield forseti var vígđur áriđ 1881 og sagđi "Sá sem stjórnar peningamagni í hvađa landi sem er er alger meistari í öllum iđnađi og verslun".

  1. júlí 1881
    var Garfield skotinn, hann deyr 19. september.

1891
Peningaskiptin eyddu síđasta áratugnum í ađ skapa efnahagslegar uppsveiflur og síđan lćgđir, svo ađ ţeir gćtu keypt upp ţúsundir heimila og jarđa fyrir smáaura á dollaranum. Ţeir voru ađ búa sig undir ađ taka hagkerfiđ niđur á ný á nćstunni og í átakanlegu minnisblađi sem bandarísku bankamannasamtökin sendu frá sér, sem átti eftir ađ koma út í ţingmannaskránni rúmum tuttugu árum síđar, kemur eftirfarandi fram:"1. september 1894 munum viđ ekki endurnýja lánin okkar til neinnar skođunar. Ţann 1. september munum viđ krefjast fjármuna okkar. Viđ munum afsala okkur og verđa ađ veđlánum í vörslu. Viđ getum tekiđ tvo ţriđju hluta bćjanna vestan Mississippi og ţúsundir ţeirra austan Mississippi líka, á okkar eigin verđi... Ţá verđa bćndurnir leigjendur eins og í Englandi...,"

1891
Rothschilds/Samuel olíusamningur hófst.

1892
Skeljaolía Samúels Murex siglir um Súesskurđinn. Ári síđar bćtir Shell Oil viđ 10 tankskipum til viđbótar í flotann.

1893
Alphonse de Rothschild hittir Standard Oil (Rockefeller) til ađ rćđa cartel.

1896
Theodore Hertzel byrjar herferđ Síonista til ađ stofna Ísrael. Rothschild vildi vernda olíuhagsmuni sína en ţeir ţurftu pólitískan og hernađarlegan varđhund yfir Súesskurđinn og Ísraelsríki var stofnađ. Ţeir vildu herskáan og bardagahertan Ísrael og engar armbeygjur.

1897-1901
William McKinley forseti. Lagalega verkfćriđ sem McKinley forseti og Sherman notuđu gegn evrópsku bankamönnunum voru lögin sem kölluđ voru "Sherman Antitrust Act" sem fyrst voru fćrđ til ađ bera gegn Rothschild studdu og fjármögnuđu JP Morgan fjármálaveldiđ sem kallast Northern Trust sem seint á 1800 átti nćr allar járnbrautir Bandaríkjanna.

  1. september 1901
    McKinley forseti er skotinn af morđingja, hann deyr 14. september.
  2. september 1901
    verđur Theodore Roosevelt forseti. Eitt af fyrstu verkum Roosevelts var ađ falla frá málaferlum Bandaríkjastjórnar gegn Northern Trust og flýta fyrir bandarískri öld sem kallast "Manifest Destiny" sem heldur áfram enn ţann dag í dag og gefur ţessum seđlabankastjórum í rauninni "vald" til ađ rćna öllum heiminum í hagnađarskyni og hagnast umfram allt annađ.
  3. apríl 1912
    Síđasta tćkifćriđ til ađ koma í veg fyrir áćtlun Evrópuríkja um stofnun Seđlabanka í Bandaríkjunum lauk međ ţví ađ breskir útsendarar sökktu RMS Titanic vísvitandi af breskum útsendurum sem drápu einn skipunarmeđlimanna sem hétu Major Archibald Willingham Butt ásamt bandarísku viđskiptajöfrunum John Jacob Astor IV, Benjamin Guggenheim og Isidor Straus sem voru ađ snúa aftur til Bandaríkjanna frá Stóra-Bretlandi eftir ţađ sem ţeir töldu ađ vćri vel heppnuđ "samningaviđrćđur" viđ Rothschild-hjónin um ađ "láta Bandaríkin í friđi" undir "stríđsógn"

Ţegar síđustu "hindrunum" var rutt úr vegi ţví ađ stofna Seđlabanka í Bandaríkjunum međ ţví ađ sökkva Titanic neyddust evrópsku bankaveldin í gegnum bandaríska réttarkerfiđ ţađ sem kallađ er Federal Reserve Act frá 1913 (aka: Veran frá Jekyll-eyju).

Í skyldum til hliđar, međ andláti Astors, missti Nikola Tesla styrktarađila sinn. Uppfinningar hans ollu alvarlegri samkeppni viđ flökkuolíu- og raforkuframleiđsluiđnađinn. Viđ munum aldrei vita hvađ viđ og heimurinn töpuđum í Norđur-Atlantshafi, en sumir náđu gífurlega góđum árangri.

1913
Í skiptum fyrir fjárhagslegan stuđning viđ forsetaframbođ sitt samţykkti Woodrow Wilson ađ ef hann nćđi kjöri myndi hann skrifa undir seđlabankalögin. Í desember 1913, ţegar margir ţingmenn voru heima um jólin, voru lög um seđlabanka rambađ í gegnum ţingiđ og undirrituđ af Wilson forseta. Varđandi gjörđir sínar viđurkenndi Wilson síđar. "Ég hef óafvitandi eyđilagt landiđ mitt".

Seđlabankinn varđ ađ lögum daginn fyrir ađfangadagskvöld, áriđ 1913, og skömmu síđar sendu ţýsku alţjóđlegu bankamennirnir, Kuhn, Loeb og Co. einn af félögum sínum hingađ til ađ reka hann

1914
Upphaf fyrri heimsstyrjaldar. Í ţessu stríđi lánuđu ţýsku Rothschild-hjónin Ţjóđverjum peninga, bresku Rothschild-hjónin lánuđu Bretum peninga og frönsku Rothschild-hjónin lánuđu Frökkum peninga.

1915
varđ J. P. Morgan söluađili fyrir, "War Materials Board", bćđi fyrir Breta og Frakka sem stunduđu fyrri heimsstyrjöldina, og verđur stćrsti neytandinn á jörđinni og eyddi 10 milljónum dollara á dag. Ennfremur skipađi Woodrow Wilson forseti bankamanninn, Bernard Baruch, til ađ stýra"Stríđsiđnađarráđinu". Ađ sögn sagnfrćđingsins, James Perloff, hagnađust bćđi Bernard Baruch og Rockefellers um ţađ bil 200 milljónir dollara í fyrri heimsstyrjöldinni.

  1. maí 1915
    Ţýskur U-bátur tundurskeyti og sökkti RMS Lusitania, bresku hafskipi á leiđ frá New York til Liverpool á Englandi. Af ţeim rúmlega 1.900 farţegum og áhafnarmeđlimum sem voru um borđ fórust meira en 1.100 manns, ţar af rúmlega 120 Bandaríkjamenn.

Ţýska sendiráđiđ hafđi sett heilsíđuauglýsingu viđ hliđina á auglýsingu Lusitania ţar sem Bandaríkjamenn voru varađir viđ ţví ađ ferđast ekki um bresk fánaskip. Skipstjórinn á Lusitania hunsađi tilmćli breska ađmírálsins um ađ forđast U-bátasvćđiđ ađ öllu leyti eđa ađ minnsta kosti hlaupa á miklum hrađa og stýra sikk-zag námskeiđi. Bretar fylgdu ekki Lusitania né ráku hana í bílalest eins og venjan var. Í ljós kom ađ Lusitania var međ um 173 tonn af stríđssprengjum fyrir Bretland. Ţessi söknuđur var notađur sem réttlćting fyrir ţví ađ Bandaríkin kćmust inn í stríđiđ.

1916
Wilson forseti fór ađ átta sig á alvarleika ţess skađa sem hann hafđi valdiđ Bandaríkjunum međ ţví ađ leysa Seđlabankann úr lćđingi á bandarísku ţjóđinni. Hann sagđi:

"Viđ erum komin til ađ vera ein sú versta sem stjórnađ er, ein fullkomnasta stjórnin í hinum siđmenntađa heimi – ekki lengur ríkisstjórn frjálsra skođana, ekki lengur ríkisstjórn af ... atkvćđi meirihlutans, en ríkisstjórn ađ mati og dylgjum fámenns hóps ráđandi manna.

Sumir af stćrstu mönnum Bandaríkjanna, á sviđi verslunar og framleiđslu, eru hrćddir viđ eitthvađ. Ţeir vita ađ ţađ er kraftur einhvers stađar svo skipulagđur, svo lúmskur, svo vakandi, svo samtengdur, svo heill, svo útbreiddur, ađ ţeir höfđu betur ekki talađ ofar andardrćtti sínum ţegar ţeir tala í fordćmingu um ţađ."

1917
Peningaskiptamennirnir fyrirgáfu aldrei tsarum Rússlands fyrir ađ vera báđir stöđugt á móti beiđni ţeirra um ađ stofna seđlabanka í Rússlandi, sem og stuđning ţeirra viđ Lincoln forseta í borgarastyrjöldinni. Ţess vegna eyddi Jacob Schiff, Rothschild, 20 milljónum dollara í gegnum fyrirtćki sitt, Kuhn, Loeb &Co., í ađ fjármagna rússnesku byltinguna.

Ţađ er almennt taliđ ađ kommúnismi sé andstćđa kapítalismans, svo hvers vegna ćttu ţessir kapítalistar ađ styđja hann? Virtur rannsakandi, Gary Allen, útskýrir ţađ á eftirfarandi hátt: "Ef mađur skilur ađ sósíalismi er ekki deiliskipulag, en ţađ er í raun ađferđ til ađ treysta og stjórna auđnum, ţá verđur ađ ţví er virđist ţversögn ofurríkra manna sem stuđla ađ sósíalisma alls engin ţversögn. Í stađinn verđur ţađ rökrétt, jafnvel hiđ fullkomna verkfćri valds sem leitar ađ megalómaniacs. Kommúnismi, eđa réttara sagt sósíalismi, er ekki hreyfing hins niđurnídda fjöldans heldur efnahagselítunnar."

1919
Í janúar fer friđarráđstefnan í París fram eftir lok fyrri heimsstyrjaldar. Bankamennirnir setja Heimsstjórnina efst á dagskrá og Paul Warburg og Bernard Baruch mćta á ţessa ráđstefnu međ Wilson forseta. Bankamönnunum til mikillar skelfingar var heimurinn ekki enn tilbúinn ađ leysa upp landamćri og samţykkja heimsstjórnina, svo ađ hluti af áćtlun ţeirra hafđi mistekist. Áćtlunin um heimsstjórnina var kölluđ, "Ţjóđabandalagiđ", og ţótt margar ţjóđir samţykktu ţessa tillögu vildi Bandaríkjaţing ekki styđja hana og ţar međ án stuđnings fjármuna úr ríkissjóđi Bandaríkjanna höfđu bankamennirnir brugđist og Ţjóđabandalagiđ dáiđ.

1923
Hinn 2. ágúst lést Warren Harding forseti í lest viđ dularfullar ađstćđur. Orsökin var ýmist gefin sem matareitrun eđa heilablóđfall ţótt engin krufning hafi veriđ framkvćmd. Hann tók viđ af varaforseta sínum Calvin Coolidge. Coolidge forseti hélt áfram skattalćkkun Harding og tollahćkkunarstefnu. Ţessi stefna tókst svo vel ađ hagkerfiđ hélt áfram ađ vaxa og ţćr miklu skuldir sambandsríkisins sem byggđar voru upp í fyrri heimsstyrjöldinni, undir stjórn Harding og Coolidge, lćkkuđu um 38% niđur í 16 milljarđa dollara.

Ţađ var ţá sem Seđlabankinn byrjađi ađ flćđa yfir landiđ međ peningum og jók peningamagniđ um 62%.

Í apríl 1929
sendi Paul Warburg frá sér leynilega viđvörun til vina sinna um ađ fyrirhugađ hefđi veriđ ađ hrynja og lćgđ á landsvísu síđar sama ár. Ţađ er vissulega engin tilviljun ađ ćvisögur allra Wall Street risanna á ţeim tíma: John D. Rockefeller; J. P. Morgan; Joseph Kennedy; Bernard Baruch; o.fl., allir undruđust ţađ ađ ţetta fólk komst alveg út af hlutabréfamarkađnum rétt fyrir hrun og setti eignir sínar í reiđufé eđa gull.

Ţannig ađ eins og allir bankamennirnir og vinir ţeirra vissu ţegar, í ágúst fór Seđlabankinn ađ herđa peningamagniđ. Síđan ţann 24.október hringdu stóru bankamennirnir í New York í sólarhringsmiđlara sinn í símtalalán. Ţetta ţýddi ađ bćđi verđbréfamiđlararnir og viđskiptavinir ţeirra ţurftu ađ losa sig viđ hlutabréf sín á hlutabréfamarkađi til ađ standa straum af lánum sínum, óháđ ţví hvađa verđ ţeir ţurftu ađ selja ţau fyrir. Í kjölfar ţessa hrundi hlutabréfamarkađurinn á degi sem átti eftir ađ fara í sögubćkurnar sem: "Svartur fimmtudagur".

Á örfáum vikum frá hrundegi hurfu 3 milljarđar dollara af auđi. Innan árs hvarf 40 milljarđar dollara af auđi. Ţađ hvarf ţó ekki einfaldlega, ţađ endađi bara međ ţví ađ ţađ var sameinađ í fćrri og fćrri hendur, eins og til stóđ. Dćmi um ţetta er Joseph P. Kennedy, fađir John F. Kennedy. Áriđ 1929 var hann 4 milljóna dollara virđi (hann hafđi "ţénađ sér inn ađ selja áfengi í Chicago á međan á banni stóđ). Áriđ 1935 hafđi ţađ aukist í rúmlega 100 milljónir dollara.

Ţví var einnig variđ erlendis, ţví á međan kreppan mikla átti sér stađ var milljónum Bandaríkjadala variđ í ađ endurreisa Ţýskaland vegna tjóns sem varđ í fyrri heimsstyrjöldinni, til undirbúnings bankamönnunum í seinni heimsstyrjöldinni. Repúblikaninn Louis T. McFadden, formađur banka- og gjaldeyrisnefndar fulltrúadeildarinnar frá 1920 til 1931, sagđi eftirfarandi í tengslum viđ ţetta,

"Eftir fyrri heimsstyrjöldina féll Ţýskaland í hendur ţýsku alţjóđlegu bankamannanna. Ţessir bankamenn keyptu hana og nú eiga ţeir hana, lćsa, lager og tunnu. Ţeir hafa keypt atvinnugreinar hennar, ţeir eru međ húsnćđislán á jarđvegi hennar, ţeir stjórna framleiđslu hennar, ţeir stjórna öllum opinberum veitum hennar. Alţjóđlegu ţýsku bankamennirnir hafa niđurgreitt núverandi ríkisstjórn Ţýskalands og ţeir hafa einnig lagt til hverja krónu af ţeim peningum sem Adolph Hitler hefur notađ í íburđarmikilli herferđ sinni til ađ byggja upp ógn viđ stjórnvöld í Bruening. Ţegar Bruening hlýđir ekki fyrirmćlum ţýsku alţjóđabankamannanna er Hitler fenginn til ađ hrćđa Ţjóđverja til undirgefni...

Í gegnum seđlabankastjórnina yfir 30 milljarđa dollara af bandarískum peningum ... hefur veriđ dćlt inn í Ţýskaland... Ţiđ hafiđ öll heyrt um eyđsluna sem hefur átt sér stađ í Ţýskalandi ... módernískar íbúđir, frábćru stjörnuverin hennar, íţróttahúsin, sundlaugarnar, fínu almenningsvegirnir hennar, fullkomnu verksmiđjurnar hennar. Allt ţetta var gert á peningunum okkar. Allt ţetta var gefiđ Ţýskalandi í gegnum seđlabankastjórnina. Stjórn Seđlabankans... hefur dćlt svo mörgum milljörđum dollara inn í Ţýskaland ađ ţeir ţora ekki ađ nefna heildina."

1930
Bank for International Settlements (BIS) var stofnađur af Charles G. Dawes (Rothschild umbođsmanni og varaforseta undir stjórn Calvin Coolidge forseta frá 1925-1929), Owen D. Young (Rothschild umbođsmanni, stofnanda RCA og stjórnarformanni General Electric frá 1922 til 1939) og Hjalmar Schacht frá Ţýskalandi (forseti Reichsbank).

Bis er vísađ til bankamannanna sem: "Seđlabanki seđlabanka seđlabanka" (e. Central bank for the central banks). Á međan ALŢJÓĐAGJALDEYRISSJÓĐURINN og Alţjóđabankinn eiga í samskiptum viđ ríkisstjórnir fjallar BIS ađeins um ađra seđlabanka. Allir fundir hennar eru haldnir í leyni og taka ţátt í helstu seđlabankastjórum víđsvegar ađ úr heiminum. Til dćmis myndi fyrrverandi yfirmađur Seđlabankans, Alan Greenspan, fara til höfuđstöđva BIS í Basel í Sviss, tíu sinnum á ári á ţessa einkafundi.

1932
Louis T. McFadden, fulltrúi repúblikana í Pennsylvaníu, fyrrverandi formađur banka- og gjaldeyrisnefndar fulltrúadeildarinnar í kreppunni miklu, segir:

"Viđ erum međ hér á landi eina spilltustu stofnun sem heimurinn hefur kynnst. Ég vísa til seđlabankastjórnar... Ţessi vonda stofnun hefur impoverished ... íbúar Bandaríkjanna... og hefur nánast gert ríkisstjórn okkar gjaldţrota. Ţađ hefur gert ţetta í gegnum ... spillt vinnubrögđ hinna fjármögnuđu hrćgamma sem stjórna ţví."

1936
Hinn 3. október er eitrađ fyrir ţingmanni Repúblikanaflokksins, Louis T McFadden, formanni banka- og gjaldeyrisnefndar fulltrúadeildarinnar, frá 1920 til 1931. Ţetta var ţriđja morđtilraunin á lífi hans, hann hafđi orđiđ fyrir fyrri eitrun og hafđi látiđ skjóta á hann skotum.

1944
Í Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, Alţjóđagjaldeyrissjóđnum (AGS) og Alţjóđabankanum (upphaflega kallađur Alţjóđabankinn um endurreisn og ţróun eđa IBRD – nafniđ, "Alţjóđabankinn", var í raun ekki tekiđ upp fyrr en 1975), voru samţykktir međ fullri ţátttöku Bandaríkjanna. Dollarinn er stofnađur sem "Heimsgjaldmiđillinn" sem nota á í stađ góđmálma. Ţetta gerir Seđlabankanum kleift ađ prenta og selja veldisvísisupphćđir dollara úr lausu lofti til ađ fylla seđlabanka um allan heim.

Ennfremur gerir Bretton Woods samningurinn seđlabankastjórum kleift ađ hagrćđa öllu hagkerfi heimsins međ ţví ađ auka og minnka frambođ dollara eins og ţeir kjósa.

1945
Annađ, "Ţjóđabandalagiđ", sem nú hefur fengiđ nafniđ "Sameinuđu ţjóđirnar", var samţykkt. Bankamennirnir, síđari heimsstyrjöldin, höfđu gengiđ vel ađ ţessu sinni vegna ţeirrar líkamlegu, tilfinningalegu og andlegu örmögnunar sem heimurinn hafđi fundiđ fyrir eftir enn eina heimsstyrjöldina. Ţessi teikning fyrir heimsstjórnina myndi brátt hafa sitt eigiđ alţjóđlega dómskerfi líka.

  1. júní 1963
    Undirritađi Kennedy forseti forsetatilskipun, framkvćmdaskipun 11110. Ţessi skipan svipti Seđlabankann nánast valdi sínu til ađ lána Bandaríkjastjórn peninga á vöxtum. Kennedy forseti lýsti ţví yfir ađ Seđlabankinn í einkaeigu yrđi brátt kominn í ţrot. Ţessi fyrirmćli veittu fjármálaráđuneytinu heimild til ađ gefa út silfurskírteini gegn hvers kyns silfri í ríkissjóđi. Ţetta framkvćmdaleyfi stendur enn í dag.
  2. nóvember 1963
    Á innan viđ fimm mánuđum eftir undirritun ţess ađ Kennedy forseti var myrtur í forsetaskipuninni. The United States Notes (silfurvottorđ) sem hann hafđi gefiđ út voru teknar úr umferđ strax. Seđlabankabréfin héldu áfram ađ ţjóna sem löglegur gjaldmiđill ţessarar ţjóđar. Taliđ er ađ 99% af öllum bandarískum pappírsgjaldmiđli sem var í umferđ áriđ 1999 séu Seđlabankabréf.

1971
Allt hiđ hreina gull hafđi veriđ flutt leynilega frá Fort Knox, selt alţjóđlegum peningaskiptum fyrir 35 dollara á únsuverđi, og er taliđ ađ ţađ sé nú geymt í London.

1972
Til ađ bregđast viđ kröfu Charles deGaul Frakklandsforseta um ađ skipta dollurum í eigu Frakka fyrir gull, úrskurđar Richard Nixon Bandaríkjaforseti ađ dollarinn sé ekki lengur studdur af gulli. Upp frá ţessu er Seđlabankanum frjálst ađ prenta eđa búa til úr lausu lofti hvađa upphćđ sem ţeir kjósa.

1974
A New York tímarit birtir grein ţar sem ţví er haldiđ fram ađ Rockefeller fjölskyldan hafi veriđ ađ hagrćđa Seđlabankanum í ţeim tilgangi ađ selja Fort Knox gull á kaupverđi kjallaraverđs til nafnlausra evrópskra spákaupmanna. 3 dögum eftir birtingu ţessarar sögu féll nafnlaus heimildarmađur hennar, lengi ritari Nelson Rockefeller, Louise Auchincloss Boyer, dularfullt til dauđa úr glugga tíu hćđa íbúđarblokkar hennar í New York.

1981
Reagan forseti ćtlađi ađ taka viđ af formanni Seđlabankans ... Páll Volcker

  1. mars 1981
    Ađeins 69 dagar eru liđnir af forsetatíđ Ronalds Reagans. Ţegar Reagan forseti og ţrír ađrir yfirgáfu talandi trúlofun á Washington Hilton hótelinu í Washington D.C. voru Reagan forseti og ţrír ađrir skotnir og sćrđir af John Hinckley yngri. Eftir morđtilraunina breytti Reagan forseti afstöđu sinni til Paul Volker-málsins.

1981
Ţegar Ronald Reagan forseti tók viđ völdum lögđu íhaldssamir vinir hans til viđ hann ađ hann fćri aftur í gullstađal, sem leiđ til ađ hefta ríkisútgjöld. Reagan forseti var um borđ í ţessari hugmynd og skipađi ţví hóp manna sem kallađist"Gullnefndin", til ađ ráđast í hagkvćmnisathugun og tilkynna niđurstöđur sínar aftur til ţingsins.


Skýrsla Náđarnefndarinnar frá 1982 skýrir ţinginu frá ţessu og gefur eftirfarandi átakanlegar yfirlýsingar varđandi gull:

"Ríkissjóđur Bandaríkjanna átti alls ekkert gull. Allt gulliđ sem eftir var í Fort Knox var nú í eigu Seđlabankans, hóps einkabankastjóra, sem tryggingu gegn ríkisskuldunum.

Hundrađ prósent af ţví sem innheimt er frásogast eingöngu af vöxtum af skuldum sambandsríkisins og af framlögum sambandsríkisins til ađ flytja greiđslur. Međ öđrum orđum, allar tekjuskattstekjur einstaklinga eru horfnar áđur en einni krónu er variđ í ţjónustu sem skattgreiđendur búast viđ af ríkisstjórn sinni."

1987
stofnar Edmond de Rothschild Alţjóđaverndarbankann sem er ćtlađ ađ flytja skuldir frá löndum ţriđja heimsins yfir í ţennan banka og í stađinn myndu ţau lönd gefa ţessum banka land. Ţetta er hannađ ţannig ađ Rothschilds geta náđ stjórn á ţriđja heiminum sem táknar 30% af landyfirborđi jarđar.

1991
Á Bilderberg ráđstefnunni 6. til 9. júní, í Baden-Baden í Ţýskalandi, sendi David Rockefeller frá sér eftirfarandi yfirlýsingu,

"Viđ erum ţakklát Washington Post, New York Times, Time Magazine og fleiri frábćrum ritum ţar sem stjórnendur hafa sótt fundi okkar og virt loforđ sín um ţagmćlsku í nćstum 40 ár. Ţađ hefđi veriđ ómögulegt fyrir okkur ađ ţróa áćtlun okkar fyrir heiminn, ef viđ hefđum orđiđ fyrir ljósum umfjöllunar á ţessum árum.

En heimurinn er nú flóknari og reiđubúnari til ađ ganga í átt ađ heimsstjórn. Ofurţjóđlegt fullveldi vitsmunalegrar elítu og alţjóđabankastjóra er vafalaust ákjósanlegra en sú sjálfákvörđunarréttur ţjóđarinnar sem stunduđ hefur veriđ á liđnum öldum."

1994
USA dreginn inn í BIS. BIS hefur stöđu fullvalda valds og er ónćmt fyrir stjórn ríkisins. Ég endurtek fyrri fćrslu mína frá 1930: "Seđlabanki seđlabankans." Á međan ALŢJÓĐAGJALDEYRISSJÓĐURINN og Alţjóđabankinn eiga í samskiptum viđ ríkisstjórnir fjallar BIS ađeins um ađra seđlabanka. Allir fundir hennar eru haldnir í leyni og taka ţátt í helstu seđlabankastjórum víđsvegar ađ úr heiminum.

Samantekt á ţessari friđhelgi er talin upp hér ađ neđan:Diplómatísk friđhelgi fyrir einstaklinga og hvađ ţeir bera međ sér (ţ.e. diplómatískir pokar). Engin skattlagning á nein viđskipti, ţ.m.t. laun sem greidd eru starfsmönnum. Friđhelgi sendiráđs fyrir allar byggingar og/eđa skrifstofur sem REKnar eru af BIS um allan heim, ţar međ taliđ Kína og Mexico.No eftirliti eđa ţekkingu á rekstri af hálfu hvađa stjórnvalds sem er, ţćr eru ekki endurskođađar. Frelsi frá takmörkunum innflytjenda. Frelsi til ađ dulkóđa öll samskipti af hvađa tagi sem er. Frelsi frá hvađa lögsögu sem er, ţeir hafa jafnvel sitt eigiđ lögregluliđ.

Núverandi stjórn BIS, ađeins fimm ţeirra eru kosnir og hinir eru fastir, eru:Nout H E M Wellink, Amsterdam (stjórnarformađur)Hans Tietmeyer, Frankfurt am Main (varaformađur)Axel Weber, Frankfurt am MainVincenzo Desario, RomeAntonio Fazio, RomeDavid Dodge, OttawaToshihiko Fukui, TokyoTimothy F Geithner, New YorkAlan Greenspan, WashingtonLord George,  LondonHervé Hannoun, ParisChristian Noyer, ParisLars Heikensten, StockholmMervyn King, LondonGuy Quaden, BrusselsJean-Pierre Roth, ZürichAlfons Vicomte Verplaetse, Brussel

Í dag Eru ađaleigendur Seđlabankans:

  1. Rothschild's frá London og Berlín2. Lazard brćđur í París3. Ísrael Móses Seaf frá Ítalíu4. Kuhn, Loeb &Co. frá Ţýskalandi og New York5. Warburg &company of Hamburg, Germany6. Lehman-brćđur í New York7. Goldman, Sachs frá New York8. Rockefeller brćđur í New York

Ađaleigendur eru útibú evrópskra starfsstöđva. Útlendingar stjórna peningaframbođi Bandaríkjanna. Ţeir eiga bókstaflega einkarétt á dollaranum og slá einfaldlega inn dollara í bankabćkurnar sínar til ađ grćđa peninga sem ţeir lána okkur síđan aftur međ hagnađi. Fyrir ţá vaxa peningar ekki á trjám, ţađ er einfaldlega gagnafćrsla inn á reikninginn ţeirra.

Ljóst er ađ einkaeignarréttur Bandaríkjadals er langmesti glćpur aldarinnar. Eigendur ţessa banka hafa stađiđ fyrir öllum helstu stríđum og kreppum á síđustu 100 árum. Ţeir eiga bankann, eiga dollarann og eiga allar helstu fjölmiđlaleiđir, hernađariđnađarflóruna og flesta stjórnmálamenn, dómara og löggur.


Hvađ á líkami ađ gera?

Ţeir hafa alveg augljóslega skipulagt og unniđ fyrir ţessu nokkuđ rćkilega. Viđ munum aldrei ná aftur yfirráđum yfir fiat (óbakađan pappír) gjaldmiđil.

Ekki eyđa tíma ţínum.

Gakktu frá pappírnum sínum eđa rafrćnu peningaskiptasvindli.

Barter og Bullion
Real gull, silfur og ađrir góđmálmar eru öruggir ţegar ţeir eru slegnir vel. Notađu ţau bara. Vinsćldir ţeirra og áreiđanleiki ná frá ţví löngu áđur en ţessir sjórćningjar voru jafnvel til. Ein aura, hálf aura, fjórđungsúnsa eru allt nokkuđ algengar umferđir međ framhliđum, bökum og hryggjum um jađarinn til ađ útrýma úrklippum. Slegnar umferđir, ferningar, ferhyrningar eru auđskiljanlegar og fljótt samţykktar.

Byrjađu núna
Margar heimildir grunar ađ verkfrćđilegt hrun fiat gjaldmiđla heimsins sé áćtlađ í apríl 2013. Leggđu ađ minnsta kosti áherslu á undirbúning. Margt gćti breytt tímaáćtluninni. Undirbúiđ ykkur líka eins og venjulegt líf kunni ađ vera til stađar fram yfir ţann tíma.

Svo virđist sem ţeir vilji gera upptćka eđa ađ minnsta kosti skrá eigendur riffla í Bandaríkjunum áđur en ţeir hefjast handa. Mótspyrna virđist sterkari en hún var undirbúin fyrir. Way-to-go klíka.

Gagnkvćmt samkomulag um skipti er hornsteinn siđmenntađs samfélags. Leyfa engar takmarkanir á ţeim. Ef ég vil skipta degi af skurđgröftum fyrir ţetta glansandi bling sem ţú ert međ og ţér líkar vel viđ samninginn, ţá ćtti enginn ađ ţvćlast fyrir... eđa taka skurđ af ţví.

000 

Egilsstađir, 14.07.2022   Jónas Gunnlaugsson


Ţeir eiga einkarétt á dollaranum og fćra einfaldlega dollara inn í bankabćkur sínar til ađ grćđa peninga sem ţeir lána okkur svo aftur međ hagnađi. Fyrir ţá vaxa peningar ekki á trjánum, ţeir eru einfaldlega gagnafćrsla inn á reikninginn ţeirra.

Skođa betur ţessar setningar frá fyrra bloggi.

Slóđ

These are the strings that control the puppet show

10.7.2022 | 11:06

 000

Bakstjórnin segist hafa völdin

Microsoft Office Translator

Ađaleigendur eru útibú evrópskra starfsstöđva. Útlendingar stjórna peningaframbođi Bandaríkjanna. Ţeir eiga bókstaflega einkarétt á dollaranum og slá einfaldlega inn dollara í bankabćkurnar sínar til grćđa peninga sem ţeir lána okkur síđan aftur međ hagnađi.
Fyrir ţá vaxa peningar ekki á trjám, ţađ er einfaldlega gagnafćrsla inn á reikninginn ţeirra. 
 

 

 

The primary owners are branches of European establishments. Foreigners control the United States Money supply. They literally own exclusive rights to the dollar and simply enter dollars into their banks books to make money which they then lend back to us at a profit.

For them money does not grow on trees, it is simply a data entry into their account. 

000

Microsoft Office Translator

Ljóst er einkaeignarréttur Bandaríkjadals er langmesti glćpur aldarinnar. Eigendur ţessa banka hafa stađiđ fyrir öllum helstu stríđum og kreppum á síđustu 100 árum. 
 
Ţeir eiga bankann, eiga dollarann og eiga allar helstu fjölmiđlaleiđir, hernađariđnađarflóruna og flesta stjórnmálamenn, dómara og löggur. 
 

 

 

 

Clearly the private ownership of the U.S. Dollar is by far The Greatest Crime of the Century. The owners of this bank have been responsible for instigating all the major wars and depressions in the last 100 years.

They own the bank, they own the dollar and they own all the major media channels, the military industrial complex and most politicians, judges and cops.   

000

Ég er ađ missa tökin, engin trúir ţví lengur ađ ég láni nokkuđ, peningur er ađeins skrifuđ tala, bókhald.

Ţá vil ég eyđileggja alla peningaprentun, peninga bókhald.

Ég er búin ađ taka allan gullforđan,

upp í skuldina, sem er engin skuld

og vil láta alla halda ađ ţađ einna sem er verđmćti sé gulliđ sem ég rćđ yfir.

000 

Allt gull í heiminum er ekki nema brot af öllum eignum og framkvćmdum í heiminum, og ef viđ ćtluđum ađ láta ţađ ráđa gerđunum ţá verđa vandrćđi.

000

Hvernig getum viđ búiđ til fjármálabókhald, fyrir ríkiđ, bćjarfélagiđ, félögin, ćttirnar og einstaklinginn? 

000

Allir hugsi. 

Meira. 

Egilsstađir, 12.07.2022   Jónas Gunnlaugsson


These are the strings that control the puppet show

Bitterroot Bugle

news, commentary, activism, liberty and honor in the Bitterroot

https://www.bitterrootbugle.com/banking-history/ 

 

 

banking history

By Ted Dunlap, on March 19th, 2013

This was a major undertaking. I undoubtedly missed most of it and likely got a few details wrong, but you can get a whole lot of “What the heck happened to our money, our free country and our world” right here. I strongly encourage you to share. I will use this as a reference work for a long time to come. I encourage you to do that too.

These are the strings that control the puppet show

48 B.C.
Julius Caesar took back from the money changers the power to coin money and then minted coins for the benefit of all. With this new, plentiful supply of money, he established many massive construction projects and built great public works. By making money plentiful, Caesar won the love of the common people.

But the money changers hated him for it and this is why Caesar was assassinated. Immediately after his assassination came the demise of plentiful money in Rome, taxes increased, as did corruption. Eventually the Roman money supply was reduced by 90 per cent, which resulted in the common people losing their lands and homes.

1694
Following a costly series of wars over the last 50 years, English Government officials go, cap in hand, to the money changers for loans necessary to pursue their political purposes. The money changers agree to solve this problem in exchange for a government sanctioned privately owned bank which could issue money created out of nothing. The Bank of England would loan government officials as much of the new currency as they wanted, as long as they secured the debt by direct taxation of the British people. The Bank of England amounted to nothing less than the legal counterfeiting of a national currency for private gain

1764
Benjamin Franklin is asked by officials of the Bank of England to explain the prosperity of the colonies in America. He replies,
“That is simple. In the Colonies we issue our own money. It is called Colonial Scrip. We issue it in proper proportion to the demands of trade and industry to make the products pass easily from the producers to the consumers. In this manner creating for ourselves our own paper money, we control its purchasing power, and we have no interest to pay anyone.”

As a result of Franklin’s statement, the British Parliament hurriedly passed the Currency Act of 1764. This prohibited colonial officials from issuing their own money and ordered them to pay all future taxes in gold or silver coins. Referring to after this act was passed, Franklin would state the following in his autobiography,

“In one year, the conditions were so reversed that the era of prosperity ended, and a depression set in, to such an extent that the streets of the colonies were filled with the unemployed…The colonies would gladly have borne the little tax on tea and other matters had it not been that England took away from the colonies their money which created unemployment and dissatisfaction.

The viability of the colonists to get power to issue their own money permanently out of the hands of King George III and the international bankers was the prime reason for the revolutionary war.”

1776-1790:
U.S. Independence – Free Banking -no formal central bank.

1780
Thomas Jefferson was adamant: “I sincerely believe the banking institutions having the issuing power of money are more dangerous to liberty than standing armies”

1790
Hamilton persuaded Congress to pass the Assumption Act where the Federal Government assumed States debts. In 1791 Congress chartered the Bank of The United States. Congress passes the Coinage Act in 1792 which establishes a U.S. mint. Hamilton resigned as Secretary of the Treasury in 1793. It is reported that Hamilton was paid by the Rothschild family for this service.

This bank came into being after a year of intense debate and was given a 20 year charter. It was given a monopoly on printing United States currency even though 80% of it’s stock was held by private investors. The other 20% was purchased by the United States government, but this was not to give it a piece if the action, but to provide the capital for the private investors to purchase the other 80%.

As with the Bank of England and the old Bank of North America, these private investors never paid the full agreed amount for their shares. What happened was through the fraudulent system of fractional reserve banking, the government’s 20% stake which was $2,000,000 in cash, was used to make loans to its private investors to purchase the other 80% stake, Ł8,000,000, for this risk free investment.

Again like the Bank of England and the old Bank of North America, the name, “First Bank of the United States,” was deliberately chosen to hide from the common people the fact that it was privately owned. The names of the investors in this bank were never revealed, although it is widely believed that the Rothschilds were behind it.

1811
A bill was put before Congress to renew the charter of the First Bank of the United States. The legislatures of both Pennsylvania and Virginia pass resolutions asking Congress to kill the bank. The national press openly attack the bank calling it: a great swindle; a vulture; a viper; and a cobra.

Nathan Rothschild gets in on the act and makes the following revealing statement as to who was really behind the First Bank of the United States, “Either the application for renewal of the charter is granted, or the United States will find itself involved in a most disastrous war.”

Congress Refused to renew the charter for the Bank of the United States & the bank is closed.

1812-1815
War breaks out with Britain.

1815
Nathan Rothschild sent a trusted courier named Rothworth to Waterloo where he stayed on the edge of the battlefield. Once the battle was decided, Rothworth took off for the Channel, and delivered the news of Wellington’s victory to Nathan Rothschild a full 24 hours before Wellington’s own courier.

Nathan Rothschild hurried to the London Stock market and stood in his usual position. All eyes were on him as Rothschild had a legendary communications network. Rothschild stood there looking forlorn and suddenly started selling. The other traders believed that this meant he had heard that Napoleon had won so they all started selling frantically.

The market subsequently plummeted, soon everyone was selling their consuls (British Government Bonds), but then Rothschild secretly started buying them all up through his agents on the floor, for a fraction of what they were worth only hours before. A lot of these consuls were able to be converted to Bank of England stock, which is how Rothschild took over the control of the Bank of England and therefore the British money supply.

1815
The Second Bank of the United States is authorized, was chartered in 1816, and opened in 1817.

1828
After 12 years during which the Second Bank of the United States, ruthlessly manipulated the American economy to the detriment of the people but to the benefit of their own money grabbing ends, the American people had unsurprisingly had enough. Opponents of this bank nominated Senator Andrew Jackson of Tennessee to run for President.

To the dismay of the money changers, Jackson won the Presidency and made it quite clear he intended to kill this bank at his first opportunity. He started out during his first term in office, to root out the banks many minions from government service. To illustrate how deep this cancer was rooted in government, he fired 2,000 of the 11,000 employees of the Federal Government.

1834
Jackson removed all government deposits from the Rothschild’s Second Bank of the United States In December of 1834, President Jackson declared that the national debt will be paid off. The next month there was an assassination attempt on Jackson.

“The bank, is trying to kill me, but I will kill it!
You are a den of vipers and thieves.
I intend to rout you out, and by the eternal God I will rout you out.”

1836
Overriding Congress, Jackson closed the Bank of the United States commenting: “The bold effort the present bank had made to control the government are but premonitions of the fate that await the American people should they be deluded into a perpetuation of this institution or the establishment of another like it.

1838
On January 8th President Jackson pays off the final installment of the national debt, which had been necessitated by allowing the banks to issue currency for government bonds, rather than simply issuing treasury notes without such debt. He was the only President to ever pay off the debt.

On January 30th an assassin called Richard Lawrence tried to shoot President Jackson, but both pistols misfired. Lawrence was later found not guilty by reason of insanity. However, after his release he openly bragged that powerful people in Europe had put him up to the task and promised to protect him if he were caught.

When asked what his most important accomplishment had been in life, President Jackson stated without hesitation, “I killed the Bank!”

1841
Congressional Bills to establish a new national bank were twice vetoed by President Tyler.

1849
Zachary Taylor 12th President of the United States
“No country could prosper without an able independent judiciary, and a sound currency.”
“The idea of a national bank “is dead, and will not be revived in my time.”

1850
Taylor died after eating a bowl of cherries and milk… rumor is he was killed by arsenic poisoning.

1857-1861
James Buchanan the 15th President of the United States opposed a privately owned central bank. He suffered from arsenic poisoning whereas thirty eight other people at the banquet died.

1861
Lincoln said, “The money powers prey upon the nation in times of peace and conspire against it in times of adversity. The banking powers are more despotic than a monarchy, more insolent than autocracy, more selfish than bureaucracy. They denounce as public enemies all who question their methods or throw light upon their crimes. I have two great enemies, the Southern Army in front of me and the bankers in the rear. Of the two, the one at my rear is my greatest foe.

February 1863
Congress established another National Banking system. The bankers were intending to charge between 24% and 36% interest rates for money to finance the war. To avoid the interest, Lincoln ordered the printing of $450 million in bank notes guaranteed by the U.S. government.

Apr 14, 1865
,
Lincoln was assassinated and Congress revoked the Greenback Law and enacted, in its place, the National Banking Act supporting privately owned national banks. The associates of the President Lincoln’s assassin were according to many, on the payroll of the Rothschild’s. The Nation was thrown into a state of constant debt, paying interest to bankers who created cash. Following Lincoln’s assassination, Andrew Johnson, whom many have shown was involved in the assassination, became President.

December 18, 1865
A NEW Thirteenth Amendment was ratified ignoring the existing properly ratified 13th Amendment which eliminated citizenship of persons who swore allegiance to other Nations or secret societies.

1872
Ernest Seyd is sent to America on a mission from the Rothschild owned Bank of England. He is given $100,000 which he is to use to bribe as many Congressmen as necessary, for the purposes of getting silver demonetized, as it had been found in huge quantities in the American West, which would eat into Rothschild’s profits.

1873
Ernest Seyd obviously spent his money wisely, as Congress pass the, “Coinage Act,” which results in the minting of silver dollars being abruptly stopped. Furthermore, Representative Samuel Hooper, who introduced the bill in the house, even admitted that Ernest Seyd had actually drafted the legislation.

1876
Due to the manipulation of the money supply in America, one third of the workforce is unemployed and unrest is growing.

1877
Rioting breaks out from Pittsburgh to Chicago. The bankers get together to decide what to do and they decided to hang on, as they knew that despite the violence, they were now firmly back in control. They agreed “… that you will also withhold patronage from all applicants who are not willing to oppose the government issue of money…. …To repeal the Act creating bank notes, or to restore to circulation issue of money will be to provide the people with money and will therefore seriously affect our individual profits as bankers and lenders. See your Congressman at once and engage him to support our interests that we may control legislation.”

1881
President James A. Garfield was inaugurated in 1881, he said “Whoever controls the volume of money in any country is absolute master of all industry and commerce”.

July 2, 1881
Garfield was shot, he dies on September 19.

1891
The money changers spent the last decade creating economic booms followed by depressions, so that they could buy up thousands of homes and farms for pennies on the dollar. They were preparing to take the economy down again in the near future, and in a shocking memo sent out by the American Bankers Association, which would come out in the Congressional Record more than twenty years later, the following is stated,
“On September 1st 1894 we will not renew our loans under any consideration. On September 1st we will demand our money. We will foreclose and become mortgages in possession. We can take two-thirds of the farms west of the Mississippi, and thousands of them east of the Mississippi as well, at our own price…Then the farmers will become tenants as in England…,”

1891
Rothschilds/Samuel oil contract began.

1892
Samuel’s Shell Oil Murex sails through the Suez Canal. A year later Shell Oil add 10 more tankers to the fleet.

1893
Alphonse de Rothschild meets with Standard Oil (Rockefeller) to discuss cartel.

1896
Theodore Hertzel begins the Zionist campaign to create Israel. Rothschild wanted to protect their oil interests but they needed a political and military watchdog over the Suez Canal and the State of Israel was created. They wanted a militant and battle-hardened Israel and no pushovers.

1897-1901
President William McKinley. The legal tool used by President McKinley and Sherman against the European bankers was the law known as the “Sherman Antitrust Act” which was first brought to bear against the Rothschild supported and funded JP Morgan financial empire known as the Northern Trust who by the late 1800s owned nearly all of America’s railroads.

September 6, 1901
President McKinley is shot by an assassin, he dies on September 14.

September 14, 1901
Theodore Roosevelt becomes President. One of Roosevelt’s first acts was to drop the United States government lawsuits against the Northern Trust and accelerate the American age known as “Manifest Destiny” which continues to this day and basically gives these Central Bankers the “power” to plunder the entire World for profit and gain above all else.

April 14, 1912
The last chance to thwart the European plan to establish a Central Bank in the United States ended on with the deliberate sinking of the RMS Titanic by British agents that killed one of the orders members named Major Archibald Willingham Butt along with the American business tycoons John Jacob Astor IV, Benjamin Guggenheim and Isidor Straus who were returning to the United States from Great Britain after what they believed was a successful “negotiation” with the Rothschild’s to “leave America alone” under “threat of war”

With the last “obstacles” removed from creating a Central Bank in the United States with the sinking of the Titanic the European banking powers forced through the American legal system what is known as the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 (aka: The Creature from Jekyll Island).

In a related aside, with Astor’s death, Nikola Tesla lost his sponsor. His inventions posed serious competition to the fledgling oil and electrical power generating industries. We will never know what we and the world lost in the North Atlantic, but some gained tremendously.

1913
In exchange for financial support for his presidential campaign, Woodrow Wilson’s agreed that if elected, he would sign the Federal Reserve Act. In December 1913, while many members of Congress were home for Christmas, the Federal Reserve Act was rammed through Congress and signed by President Wilson. Regarding his actions Wilson later admitted. “I have unwittingly ruined my country”.

The Fed became law the day before Christmas Eve, in the year 1913, and shortly afterwards, the German International bankers, Kuhn, Loeb and Co. sent one of their partners here to run it

1914
The start of World War I. In this war, the German Rothschilds loaned money to the Germans, the British Rothschilds loaned money to the British, and the French Rothschilds loaned money to the French.

1915
J. P. Morgan became the sales agent for the, “War Materials Board,” to both the British and the French engaged in World War I, and becomes the biggest consumer on the planet, spending 10 million dollars a day. Furthermore, President Woodrow Wilson appointed banker, Bernard Baruch, to head the, “War Industries Board.” According to historian, James Perloff, both Bernard Baruch and the Rockefellers profited by approximately 200 million dollars during World War I.

May 7, 1915
A German U-boat torpedoed and sank the RMS Lusitania, a British ocean liner en route from New York to Liverpool, England. Of the more than 1,900 passengers and crew members on board, more than 1,100 perished, including more than 120 Americans.

The German embassy had placed a full-page ad adjacent to the Lusitania’s ad, warning Americans not to travel via British-flagged vessels. The captain of the Lusitania ignored the British Admiralty’s recommendations to avoid the U-boat area altogether or at least run at high speed and steer a zig-zag course. The British did not escort the Lusitania nor run it in convoy as was standard practice.
It was revealed that the Lusitania was carrying about 173 tons of war munitions for Britain. This sinking was used as justification for the USA to enter the war.

1916
President Wilson began to realize the gravity of the damage he had done to America, by unleashing the Federal Reserve on the American people. He stated,

“We have come to be one of the worst ruled, one of the most completely controlled governments in the civilized world – no longer a government of free opinion, no longer a government by …a vote of the majority, but a government by the opinion and duress of a small group of dominant men.

Some of the biggest men in the United States, in the field of commerce and manufacture, are afraid of something. They know there is a power somewhere so organized, so subtle, so watchful, so interlocked, so complete, so pervasive, that they had better not speak above their breath when they speak in condemnation of it.”

1917
The money changers never forgave the Tsars of Russia for both continually opposing their request to set up a central bank in Russia, as well as their support of President Lincoln during the Civil War. Therefore, Jacob Schiff, a Rothschild, spent 20 million dollars through his firm, Kuhn, Loeb & Co., in financing the Russian Revolution.

It is commonly believed that Communism is the opposite of Capitalism, so why would these capitalists support it? Respected researcher, Gary Allen, explains it as follows, “If one understands that socialism is not a share-the-wealth program, but it is in reality a method to consolidate and control the wealth, then the seeming paradox of super-rich men promoting socialism becomes no paradox at all. Instead it becomes logical, even the perfect tool of power seeking megalomaniacs. Communism, or more accurately socialism, is not a movement of the downtrodden masses, but of the economic elite.”

1919
In January the Paris Peace Conference takes place following the end of World War I. The bankers put World Government at the top of their agenda, and Paul Warburg and Bernard Baruch attend this conference with President Wilson. To the bankers dismay, the world was not yet ready to dissolve national boundaries and accept World Government, so that part of their plan had failed. The plan for World Government was called the, “League Of Nations,” and although many nations accepted this proposal, the United States Congress would not support it, and thus without the support of money from the United States Treasury, the bankers had failed and the League Of Nations died.

1923
On August 2nd, President Warren Harding died on a train in mysterious circumstances. The cause was given as either food poisoning or a stroke although no autopsy was performed. He was succeeded by his Vice-President Calvin Coolidge. President Coolidge continued Harding’s tax cutting and tariff raising policies. This policy was so successful that the economy still continued to grow, and the huge Federal Debt built up during World War I, under Harding and Coolidge was reduced by 38% down to 16 billion dollars.

This was when the Federal Reserve started flooding the country with money, increasing the money supply by 62%.

1929
In April, Paul Warburg sent out a secret warning to his friends that a collapse and nationwide depression had been planned for later that year. It is certainly no coincidence that the biographies of all the Wall Street giants of that era: John D. Rockefeller; J. P. Morgan; Joseph Kennedy; Bernard Baruch; et al, all marveled at the fact these people got out of the stock market completely just before the crash and put their assets into cash or gold.

So, as all the bankers and their friends already knew, in August the Federal Reserve began to tighten the money supply. Then on 24th October the big New York bankers called in their 24 hour broker call loans. This meant that both the stockbrokers and their customers had to dump their stocks on the stock market to cover their loans, irrespective of what price they had to sell them for. As a result of this the stock market crashed on a day that would go down in history as, “Black Thursday.”

In only a few weeks from the day of the crash, 3 billion dollars of wealth vanished. Within a year, 40 billion dollars of wealth vanished. However, it did not simply disappear, it just ended up consolidated in fewer and fewer hands, as was planned. An example of this is Joseph P. Kennedy, John F. Kennedy’s father. In 1929 he was worth 4 million dollars (he had “earned selling booze in Chicago during Prohibition). In 1935 that had increased to over 100 million dollars.

It also was spent overseas, as whilst the Great Depression was occurring, millions of American dollars was being spent on rebuilding Germany from damage sustained during World War I, in preparation for the bankers World War II. Republican Louis T. McFadden, Chairman of the House Banking & Currency Committee from 1920 to 1931, stated the following in relation to this,

“After World War I, Germany fell into the hands of the German International Bankers. Those bankers bought her and now they own her, lock, stock, and barrel. They have purchased her industries, they have mortgages on her soil, they control her production, they control all her public utilities. The international German bankers have subsidized the present Government of Germany and they have also supplied every dollar of the money Adolph Hitler has used in his lavish campaign to build up a threat to the government of Bruening. When Bruening fails to obey the orders of the German International Bankers, Hitler is brought forth to scare the Germans into submission…

Through the Federal Reserve Board over 30 billion of dollars of American money… has been pumped into Germany… You have all heard of the spending that has taken place in Germany …modernistic dwellings, her great planetariums, her gymnasiums, her swimming pools, her fine public highways, her perfect factories. All this was done on our money. All this was given to Germany through the Federal Reserve Board. The Federal Reserve Board… has pumped so many billions of dollars into Germany that they dare not name the total.”

1930
The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) was established by Charles G. Dawes (Rothschild agent and Vice President under President Calvin Coolidge from 1925-1929), Owen D. Young (Rothschild agent, founder of RCA and Chairman of General Electric from 1922 until 1939), and Hjalmar Schacht of Germany (President of the Reichsbank).

The BIS is referred to the bankers as the, “Central bank for the central banks.” Whereas the IMF and the World Bank deal with governments, the BIS deals only with other central banks. All its meetings are held in secret and involve the top central bankers from around the world. For example the former head of the Federal Reserve, Alan Greenspan, would go to the BIS headquarters in Basel, Switzerland, ten times a year for these private meetings.

1932
Republican Representative Louis T. McFadden of Pennsylvania, the Former Chairman of the House Banking & Currency Commission during the great depression, states,

“We have in this country one of the most corrupt institutions the world has ever known. I refer to the Federal Reserve Board… This evil institution has impoverished… the people of the United States…and has practically bankrupted our government. It has done this through… the corrupt practices of the moneyed vultures who control it.”

1936
On October 3, Republican Congressman, Louis T McFadden, Chairman of the House Banking & Currency Committee, from 1920 to 1931, is poisoned to death. This was the third assassination attempt on his life, he had suffered an earlier poisoning and had had shots fired at him.

1944
In Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank (initially called the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or IBRD – the name, “World Bank,” was not actually adopted until 1975), were approved with full United States participation. The dollar is established as the “World Currency” to be used instead of precious metals. This enables The Federal Reserve to print and sell exponential amounts of dollars out of thin air to fill central banks throughout the world.

Further, the Bretton Woods Agreement enables the central bankers to manipulate the entire world economy by increasing and decreasing the supply of dollars as they choose.

1945
The second, “League Of Nations,” now renamed the, “United Nations,” was approved. The bankers, World War II, had been a success this time as a result of the physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion the world had felt after yet another World War. This blueprint for world government would soon have its own international court system as well.

June 4, 1963
President Kennedy signed a Presidential decree, Executive Order 11110. This order virtually stripped the Federal Reserve Bank of its power to loan money to the United States Government at interest. President Kennedy declared the privately owned Federal Reserve Bank would soon be out of business. This order gave the Treasury Department the authority to issue silver certificates against any silver in the treasury. This executive order still stands today.

November 22, 1963
In less than five months after signing that executive order President Kennedy was assassinated. The United States Notes (silver certificates) he had issued were taken out of circulation immediately. Federal Reserve Notes continued to serve as the legal currency of this nation. It is estimated that 99% of all U.S. paper currency circulating in 1999 are Federal Reserve Notes.

1971
All the pure gold had been secretly moved from Fort Knox, sold to international money changers for the $35 per ounce price, and is believed to now be kept in London.

1972
In response to French President Charles deGaul’s demand to exchange French-owned dollars for gold, USA President Richard Nixon decrees that the dollar is no longer backed by gold. From this moment on, The Federal Reserve is free to print or create out of thin air any amount of dollars they choose.

1974
A New York periodical publishes an article claiming that the Rockefeller family were manipulating the Federal Reserve for the purpose of selling off Fort Knox gold at bargain basement prices to anonymous European speculators. 3 days after the publication of this story, its anonymous source, long time secretary to Nelson Rockefeller, Louise Auchincloss Boyer, mysteriously fell to her death from the window of her ten story apartment block in New York.

1981
President Reagan was going to replace the Chairman of the Federal Reserve… Paul Volcker

March 30, 1981
Just 69 days into the presidency of Ronald Reagan. While leaving a speaking engagement at the Washington Hilton Hotel in Washington, D.C., President Reagan and three others were shot and wounded by John Hinckley, Jr. After the attempted assassination President Reagan changed his stance on the Paul Volker issue.

1981
When President Ronald Reagan took office, his conservative friends suggested to him that he return to a gold standard, as a means to curbing government spending. President Reagan was on board with this idea and so he appointed a group of men called the, “Gold Commission,” to undertake a feasibility study and report their findings back to Congress.

1982
The Grace Commission Report reports back to Congress and makes the following shocking statements concerning gold:

“The U. S. Treasury owned no gold at all. All the gold that was left in Fort Knox was now owned by the Federal Reserve, a group of private bankers, as collateral against the National Debt.

One hundred percent of what is collected is absorbed solely by interest on the Federal debt and by the Federal Government contributions to transfer payments. In other words, all individual income tax revenues are gone before one nickel is spent on services which taxpayers expect from their Government”

1987
Edmond de Rothschild creates the World Conservation Bank which is designed to transfer debts from third world countries to this bank and in return those countries would give land to this bank. This is designed so the Rothschilds can gain control of the third world which represents 30% of the land surface of the Earth.

1991
At the Bilderberg Conference on June 6 to 9, in Baden-Baden, Germany, David Rockefeller made the following statement,

“We are grateful to the Washington Post, the New York Times, Time Magazine, and other great publications whose directors have attended our meetings and respected their promises of discretion for almost 40 years. It would have been impossible for us to develop our plan for the world, if we had been subjected to the lights of publicity during those years.

But the world is now more sophisticated and prepared to march towards a world government. The super-national sovereignty of an intellectual elite and world bankers is surely preferable to the national auto-determination practiced in past centuries.”

1994
USA dragged into BIS. The BIS has the status of a sovereign power and is immune from governmental control. I repeat my preceding entry from 1930: “the Central bank for the central banks.” Whereas the IMF and the World Bank deal with governments, the BIS deals only with other central banks. All its meetings are held in secret and involve the top central bankers from around the world.

A summary of this immunity is listed below:
Diplomatic immunity for persons and what they carry with them (i.e., diplomatic pouches).
No taxation on any transactions, including salaries paid to employees.
Embassy-type immunity for all buildings and/or offices operated by the BIS worldwide including China and Mexico.
No oversight or knowledge of operations by any government authority, they are not audited.
Freedom from immigration restrictions.
Freedom to encrypt any and all communications of any sort.
Freedom from any legal jurisdiction, they even have their own police force.

BIS’ current board of directors, only five of which are elected and the rest of which are permanent, are:
Nout H E M Wellink, Amsterdam (Chairman of the Board of Directors)
Hans Tietmeyer, Frankfurt am Main (Vice-Chairman)
Axel Weber, Frankfurt am Main
Vincenzo Desario, Rome
Antonio Fazio, Rome
David Dodge, Ottawa
Toshihiko Fukui, Tokyo
Timothy F Geithner, New York
Alan Greenspan, Washington
Lord George, London
Hervé Hannoun, Paris
Christian Noyer, Paris
Lars Heikensten, Stockholm
Mervyn King, London
Guy Quaden, Brussels
Jean-Pierre Roth, Zürich
Alfons Vicomte Verplaetse, Brussels

Today

The Primary Owners of the Federal Reserve Bank Are:

  1. Rothschild’s of London and Berlin
    2. Lazard Brothers of Paris
    3. Israel Moses Seaf of Italy
    4. Kuhn, Loeb & Co. of Germany and New York
    5. Warburg & Company of Hamburg, Germany
    6. Lehman Brothers of New York
    7. Goldman, Sachs of New York
    8. Rockefeller Brothers of New York

The primary owners are branches of European establishments. Foreigners control the United States Money supply. They literally own exclusive rights to the dollar and simply enter dollars into their banks books to make money which they then lend back to us at a profit. For them money does not grow on trees, it is simply a data entry into their account.

Clearly the private ownership of the U.S. Dollar is by far The Greatest Crime of the Century. The owners of this bank have been responsible for instigating all the major wars and depressions in the last 100 years. They own the bank, they own the dollar and they own all the major media channels, the military industrial complex and most politicians, judges and cops.


What’s a body to do?

They have quite obviously planned and worked for this quite thoroughly. We will never regain control of fiat (unbacked paper) currency.

Do not waste your time.

Walk away from their paper or electronic money-changer scam.

Barter and Bullion
Real gold, silver and other precious metals are safe when minted well. Just use them. Their popularity and reliability extend from long before these pirates even existed. One-ounce, half-ounce, quarter-ounce are all quite common rounds with fronts, backs and ridges around the perimeter to eliminate clipping. Minted rounds, squares, rectangles are easily understood and quickly accepted.

Start now
Many sources suspect the engineered collapse of the world’s fiat currencies is scheduled for April 2013. Put at least some urgency on preparing. Many things could alter the timetable. Do also prepare as if normal life may exist past that time.

It does appear they want to confiscate or at least register the owners of the rifles in the USA before they begin. Resistance appears stronger than they were prepared for. Way-to-go gang.

Mutually agreeable exchange is the cornerstone of civilized society. Allow No Restriction on them. If I want to trade a day of ditch-digging for that shiny bling you have and you like the deal, nobody should get in the way… or take a cut of it.


Tomasz Patan, annar stofnandi sćnska fyrirtćkisins Jetson, stýrđi Jetson ONE farartćkinu frá ítölsku heimili sínu til fyrirtćkjabyggingar í Toskana. Fyrirtćkiđ segir ađ ferđatíminn hafi veriđ styttur um 88 prósent.

Flying Car Company Boss Completes 'First Ever' Commute in $83K Space-Age Vehicle (newsweek.com) 

 000

Tomasz Patan, the co-founder of the Swedish firm Jetson, piloted the Jetson ONE vehicle from his Italian home to a company building in Tuscany. The firm says the journey time was reduced by 88 percent.

Jetson segir ađ ferđin til Santa Maria a Monte ađstöđunnar sé „stórmerkilegt tilefni fyrir rafmagns lóđrétt flugtak og lendingu (eVTOL) í geirann. 

Jetson say the trip to the Santa Maria a Monte facility is a “momentous occasion for the electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) sector.”   

000 slóđ

Viđ tökum ekki upp gamaldags ""Línu,"" járnbraut frá árinu 1802, viđ fáum Línu langsokk í liđ međ okkur og stefnum á Jetson, strax í dag.


Eigandi fljúgandi bílafyrirtćkis hefur lokiđ - yrstu ferđ - í einu af $83.600 geimfarartćkjum sínum. Tomasz Patan, međstofnandi sćnska fyrirtćkisins Jetson

 Flying Car Company Boss Completes 'First Ever' Commute in $83K Space-Age Vehicle (newsweek.com)

 

 


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