Þeir sem tala um hamfara hlýnun, nota hugmyndina til að gera fólkið hrætt, og fær þá fólkið til að samþykkja allskonar lög og reglur, sem henta víxlurunum, stjórnvöldum, sem hafa haldið fólkinu í fáfræði í fjósinu árþúsundum saman.

 

 

2011 okt 4_Science & Cocktails_Jørgen Peder Steffensen3

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGA4Clu4-V8&t=8s

Birt 5. nóv. 2011

Iskerner og klimaændringer. En fortælling fra en 3cm i diameter, 3km lang iskerne fra Grønland. Science & Cocktails er tilbage efter sommerferien. Vi begynder med en ekspedition til en af verdens mest øde egne: Nordpolen. Jørgen Steffensen, professor ved Niels Bohr instituttet, vil berette hvordan en simpel iskerne fra Grønland kan fortælle os om fortidens klimaændringer, forurening og vulcanudbrud. Efter dette vil der kunne stilles spørgsmål i baren, hvor Lars E. Lyndgaard Schmidt og hans team serverer gammeldags cocktails, næsten så gamle som iskernen selv. Andy Benz indtager scenen med kontrabass og spontane elektroniske lyde. (alle foredrag holdes på engelsk) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y0wACf... http://www.myspace.com/flowingincircles

000

Fyrir 7000 árum var hitinn eitthvað hærri fram til fyrir 4000 árum, þá fór hitinn lækkandi þanngað til fyrir 2000 árum, þá hækkaði hitinn nokkuð aftur að Víkinga tímanum fyrir 1000 árum, um árið 900.

Þá lækkaði hitinn til ársins 1600, en hækkaði aðeins um árið 1700, og lækkaði svo aftur í lægsta hitann um 1850.

Á þeim tíma lærðu menn að taka ljósmyndir, og eru einhverjar kuldamyndir til frá þeim tíma.

Við sjáum einnig að þegar hitnar á norður hverli, þá kólnar á suðurhveli.

Hugsanlega eru heitir hafstraumar, sem fara stundum í norður þá verður heitara þar, og stundum í suður, og þá verður heitara þar.

 

Núverandi hita trúar menn, mæla breytinguna frá 1850 og til dagsins í dag¸og reyna að hræða fólkið með hita aukningunni.

Það var hægt að rækta korn á Íslandi árið 1000, og nú er hægt að rækta korn á Íslandi og ber að fagna því.

Í raun vitum við ekkert hvort fer að hitna eða kólna.

Þeir sem tala um hamfara hlýnun, nota hugmyndina til að gera fólkið hrætt, og fær þá fólkið til að samþykkja allskonar lög og reglur, sem henta víxlurunum, stjórnvöldum, sem hafa haldið fólkinu í fáfræði í fjósinu árþúsundum saman.

Með Internetinu hafa komið glufur í fjölmiðlaveldi víxlarana, og nú er hægt að dreifa sönnum fréttum og nýjum fróðleik framhjá aðal fréttamiðlunum.

Það verður að teljast af hinu góða.

000

Sjálfvirka þýðingarvélin, skynjar ekki alltaf mælta málið, talað mál.

Aðeins endursagt.

Myndirnar eru óskýrar.

klikka, mynd stærri

01

Árið 1850 var lægsti hiti sem verið hefur frá síðustu ísöld, (þá fundið frá ísborkjörnum, jg)

(Hamfaratrúarmenn virðast mæla frá þessu lágmarki og til dagsins í dag. jg)

2

Árið 950, er áhugavert, það er þegar Víkingarnir ákváðu að

3

setjast að á Íslandi og Grænlandi, og þá kom Litla ísöldin með lægri hita,

4

Miðað við víkingatímann, fram til ársins 1600 lækkaði hitinn um eina og hálfa gráðu að

5

meðaltali, hitnaði aftur um 18 öldina, og lækkaði síðan aftur, og var það lægsta hitastigið,

6

sem mældist um 1850. Hugsanlega hafa einhverjir ykkar séð gamlar

7

myndir af jöklum frá þeim tíma, en mundu að ljósmynda tæknin var fundin upp 1850, þannig

8

að ef þeir tóku myndir af jöklum, þá voru jöklarnir í algjöru hámarki frá síðustu ísöld.

9

Ef við viljum stöðva losun á koltvíoxíði og þvíumlíku, þá

10

Við fórum að segja að koltvíoxíð gæti haft áhrif á loftslagsbreytingar, en óskaðu ekki

11

að við fáum aftur veðrið fyrir 150 árum, lærðu

12

Um hnattstöðuna okkar, það var ansi kalt, segjum að það sé í lagi

13

Ef ég framlengi þennan feril, verða nýustu gildin hér fyrir nútímann

14

Um það bil það sama og á Víkingatímanum

 

15

Og nú er hægt að rækta kartöflur

16

Í Grænlandi (aftur?) En hvernig var þessu varið á suðurhvelinu?

17

Á suðurhvelinu, er allt öfugt eins og þú getur séð

18

Þú sérð strax að þegar kólnar á norðurhveli

 

19

Þá hitnar á suðurhveli,

20

Setjum við svo mikla losun í andrúmsloftið

21

Að breytingarnar verða hraðari? Við vitum það ekki

22

koltvísýringur og metan

23

Við vitum þetta ekki, skiljum þetta ekki

24

Hugsanlega eru heitir hafstraumar, sem fara stundum í norður þá verður heitara þar, og stundum í suður, og þá verður heitara þar.

000

Sjálfvirka þýðingarvélin, skynjar ekki alltaf mælta málið, talað mál.

Ég gef mér ekki tíma til að reyna að leiðrétta vélina.

veljum við nú svo mikið til okkar 28:05 andrúmsloftakerfi með losun okkar á 28:07 koltvísýringur og metan sem við erum 28:09 sparka þessu kerfi út af Skilton svo það 28:13 byrjar að fara að sveiflast aftur 28:17 það er vandamálið sem við þekkjum ekki núna 28:24 langar að klára með einni litlu rennibraut

Texti

00:00

I'll take you to another very famous

00:03

event here you have Vesuvius

00:07

you see Napoli the bay of Napoli masoom

00:12

is right here it will kind of come from

00:14

Google Earth of course the famous

00:17

eruption of 79 ad if you look at our

00:22

counting here again 76 78 79 its bottom

00:26

so we can say some complained you know

00:30

that our calendars wrong and during the

00:34

Dark Ages after the collapse of the

00:35

Roman Empire somebody forgot to count

00:37

the years but we feel that the Romans

00:42

were right it was 79 AD and we arrived

00:44

at the center it's a good check we are

00:46

counting the right way now let's go to a

00:52

very controversial lesson let's go to

00:55

this place I'm not talking about the

00:57

Greek bankruptcy anything I'm talking

00:59

about something italia here you have the

01:03

tiny island of Thera in the aegean sea

01:06

also a variable panic area but a lot

01:09

more explosive and more erratic and you

01:13

can see the middle east this island blew

01:16

apart sometime in the past it's called

01:19

the famous Terra or Santorini eruption

01:24

archaeologists have found lots of

01:27

pottery from the Minoan culture buried

01:29

also on Crete some of you might know

01:33

Costas and everything here and I would

01:36

have mine at all and things down here

01:39

but all this was buried and the eruption

01:42

was so big it really hurt the minimum

01:44

culture now by looking at the pottery in

01:49

the styles of pottery they know they had

01:51

a vast trade with Egypt so they had a

01:54

lot of Egyptian pottery that you find

01:56

also here in the layers just below the

01:59

ashes so they know was there when the

02:02

I starting this pottery there is a cup

02:05

this pottery is from the dynasty of

02:09

Pharaohs also because they have all the

02:11

Pharaohs of Egypt lined up in full

02:14

battle already in Nazi words don't they

02:16

have a ball way if you use this tablet

02:20

dating method of of archeology carbon-14

02:24

the first dates in indicated something

02:27

around 1500 BC so 3,500 years ago that

02:34

sort of fit in well with the Egyptian

02:37

dynasties so everything was fine by the

02:42

way is most likely also exactly the same

02:45

eruption that led to the biblical tale

02:48

of the seven plagues of Egypt because

02:52

really many of those seven plates can be

02:54

related to the authentic eruption the

02:57

eternal night asked for the the frogs

03:01

all over the place the consequences of

03:04

tsunami up through the Nile Delta all

03:06

the fathers who knew washed out that the

03:08

nagas thrown up in the houses the

03:10

mortality rate went up because of

03:12

fluoride poisoning later on it became

03:15

the firstborn of each family I think I

03:17

don't think it was that selective at

03:19

that time and when Moses led the

03:22

Israelis across into into Palestine he

03:26

actually did not cross the Red Sea but

03:29

he crossed the Red Sea which is the Nile

03:32

Delta s4 reads so he happened be much

03:36

heavily across with it with the fewest

03:38

people but when Pharaoh who came after

03:40

him he was hit by the tsunami created by

03:43

this volcano and then the Jews went

03:47

around over here following a fire column

03:51

by day and a smoke column by day and a

03:53

fire column by night yeah of course

03:56

because they could see so it all sort of

03:59

makes a little sense that there is a

04:02

core truth in these texts so that's why

04:06

it's doubly interesting to

04:08

see if we can fix this dated and Norvig

04:14

what if you go to theorem this eruption

04:17

and we look at the acid curve from it

04:20

and we look at our counting we actually

04:22

find the acid fall out that we really

04:25

believe the theorem on probably the

04:28

problem is it doesn't have a third name

04:31

that name tag on it but it happened 6042

04:35

to 6041 BC this is a hundred years and

04:41

more it's a hundred forty is off the

04:44

original days and it created a broth in

04:49

the world of classical archaeology

04:52

because now the classical archaeologists

04:55

had to move the age of certain pharaohs

04:59

then you don't move a king 150 years

05:03

like that because then you're missing a

05:06

few below and you have too many on top

05:08

so I mean you can see you have to

05:10

rewrite rewrite the phone book it was a

05:13

really big thing so of course this was

05:16

casting doubt for 20 years we were

05:18

sitting pretty alone at the side sit

05:20

yeah I don't be a climate researchers

05:21

but we have this we cannot avoid luckily

05:26

for us the latest carbon-14 days at

05:30

theory are now at 1621 BC so now we are

05:36

only twenty years apart and that's why I

05:39

say okay we don't care to discuss any

05:41

more because that's basically the same

05:43

considering the counting era we may do

05:45

and the dating uncertainty with one just

05:49

accept it so this is I think where we

05:52

also have been able to move around in

05:54

archaeology I think this is the e

05:57

fascinating because once you get into a

06:00

different subject and you start to work

06:02

with carbon-14 archaeologists and so on

06:04

life as a physicist becomes a lot more

06:07

fun and you know what I discovered one

06:10

thing archeology is definitely not annex

06:15

sighs they can easily disagree where the

06:19

two are too late for easy Joe went to

06:23

his five in Cambridge in two and two is

06:24

three knocks what I can tell you that so

06:28

another thing I would like to show you

06:30

here is what also can be revealed by us

06:32

course because the ice cores are made of

06:35

stuff from the cleanest environment in

06:37

the earth any tiny pollution that

06:40

spreads all over the northern hemisphere

06:41

will end up in Greenland as a signal in

06:44

the southern hemisphere and are

06:45

decoupled collectors force and here you

06:48

have the fallout or actually basically

06:50

it's a ratio between copper and aluminum

06:53

over 8,000 years and what you see here

06:59

is one of the earliest traces about 2500

07:05

years ago a man-made atmospheric

07:08

pollution through the mining of copper

07:14

for bronze what you see here is industry

07:18

its people the informatic melting the

07:23

metal getting metal vapours into the

07:25

atmosphere that goes to Greenland and

07:27

forced down so we can easily follow that

07:31

we can also follow the Roman economy

07:33

going up and down because we can see the

07:35

pollution of lead by the Roman digging

07:41

for silver in Spain so every time Caesar

07:44

ran out of money he makes some more

07:46

silver coins in Spain and the byproduct

07:49

that was led saw that wind-up agreement

07:52

and of course today greenin is

07:54

chock-full of the lead that we used to

07:56

put in our petrol in cars the off stops

08:00

outside of that is we can also measure

08:02

today that their lead levels are going

08:05

down because we remove the lead from the

08:07

ice as well from the from from

08:12

so let's go further back in time the

08:16

Greenland ice core from North grip

08:18

actually turned out to be a stack of

08:21

calendar years where we've been able to

08:24

count to count 60,000 years back in time

08:29

it took us 20 men years to complete the

08:33

content so it's not something you do

08:34

overnight so this you have here is a

08:39

climate curve vertical on a time scale

08:44

but remember now that all these years

08:46

are counted so we know each and every

08:48

individual year the blue curves in

08:51

interphase the isotope values want to

08:54

that side call to the other side up here

08:58

is our present climate the last 11,000

09:00

years this is where agriculture

09:02

developed this is the ice age the last

09:05

ice age and we never go into the

09:08

previous interglacial because it's done

09:10

here but you can see we have a calendar

09:13

and what we have is actually we have

09:16

occurred that reveals that back in time

09:18

the climate has flipped out a lot of

09:21

times and when you're looking from while

09:25

you find out hey our eleven thousand

09:29

years are unique not only because

09:33

they're warm but also because there's no

09:36

sixth act to the curve we have been so

09:39

dead lucky enough to have big climatic

09:41

variations and that's why I think that

09:46

the reason why human civilization

09:48

developed agriculture cities and things

09:52

like that simultaneously in China

09:55

in the Middle East and South American

09:56

things they did that because the

09:59

conditions were right

10:01

even during the Ice Age that was

10:04

intellectual capacity to do but any

10:06

agricultural tradition that I would have

10:08

started here would have been squashed by

10:11

the repeated climate change

10:13

every 2,000 years ago boom each jump

10:17

here represents a change in average

10:20

temperature agreement of about 14

10:22

degrees translate that into Europe

10:26

roughly 8 to 10 degrees on average

10:28

that's a lot so how fast did they go

10:37

well if you expand that little thing up

10:40

there which is the very termination of

10:42

the ice age it becomes a curve like this

10:44

and then it doesn't see appear so steep

10:47

anymore this is the change between ice

10:49

age and present day you see much more

10:51

details you see also a climate change

10:53

here so that's the little piece expanded

10:56

but we can expand that even further we

11:00

can study these this is the warming

11:04

coming from cold getting warmer

11:06

this is a cooling commit of cold this is

11:09

a warming again and now the Ice Age is

11:11

over actually these periods have

11:15

geological names this is called this

11:18

cold period here between the womb here

11:22

at the warm here this quarter is called

11:24

Younger Dryas this is called the pudding

11:27

and it is called the elevator also in

11:32

French

11:36

and it's fun to hear French speaking

11:38

these two words here that's rather funny

11:41

and then you have all destroyers down

11:43

here because this climatic flip-flop

11:46

called becoming warm than becoming very

11:49

cold again and becoming all mr6 that was

11:53

first discovered and described in 1901

11:59

in animal titled the clay pit a terawatt

12:05

where they made bricks they discovered

12:08

in the clay pit a lake sediment as the

12:11

first slide I showed you with mother

12:13

gray mud and dark mud

12:16

gray mud and Dartmouth so they saw heat

12:19

there's something going on in past

12:21

climate there and some guys started to

12:23

use look at the pollen and he discovered

12:25

that during this what we call the dry as

12:28

period which is called this one and down

12:30

here in Denmark they found the pollen

12:34

from the driest plant that's the last

12:37

name for the plant and aeneas is called

12:39

blue blue it is a high optic plant you

12:43

only fired on the highest mountains in

12:44

Norway today and agreement it tells you

12:48

this is Tundra no trees high Arctic

12:52

tundra so at this time Denmark was high

12:55

Arctic tundra here in Denmark was paired

12:57

to Tundra but here were about 1500 years

13:02

1500 years wood trees moved into Denmark

13:06

the Isaac left

13:08

trees moved in together mark Denmark

13:10

became beautiful lush and forested there

13:14

the climate deteriorated the trees were

13:16

wiped out and then what became grass

13:18

covered and then the ice act is kicked

13:21

back in and it became tundra for 1,000

13:24

years before the ice fed finally ended

13:27

you can imagine what stressed the

13:31

ecosystem as

13:31

under with all these very these climatic

13:34

swings and David very fast indeed we

13:39

studied the last one in detail this is

13:42

the most detailed record we have of the

13:46

ice course covering the end of the Ice

13:48

Age

13:48

this is eleven thousand eight hundred

13:50

fifty years ago

13:52

eleven thousand seven hundred years ago

13:54

so this is a hundred fifty years this is

13:56

one hundred fifty years this is three

13:58

hundred years in total

13:59

each little pin here he still thought

14:03

here is one year over here you see occur

14:07

on isotopic ratios going this way and

14:10

then jumping in level and all of a

14:11

sudden becoming that level this jump

14:14

which had completed in one year this

14:18

parameter tells us that all of a sudden

14:23

from one year to the next eleven

14:25

thousand seven hundred and thirteen

14:26

years ago fourteen years ago the wind in

14:29

Greenland started to blow from a

14:31

different direction the meteorological

14:34

system simply reorganized herself then

14:37

as a consequence of that average

14:41

temperature is increased by 14 degrees

14:44

in 25 years this is completed in 25

14:48

years

14:49

the amount of dust blown in from China

14:53

to Greenland decreased this curve as

14:56

inverse axis it decreased by a factor of

14:59

almost a hundred over 25 years and the

15:04

annual snowfall increased by a factor of

15:09

two in five years all these parameters

15:15

together indicate a massive climate

15:18

change triggered by one year to the next

15:22

change of atmospheric circulation so we

15:28

haven't read an evidence of climate

15:30

flips that happens from one year to the

15:34

next

15:35

now if you remember all the discussions

15:38

from the newspapers these

15:41

about future climate with an enhanced

15:44

greenhouse effect because we're burning

15:45

fossil fuel you will see all the models

15:49

that are shown as soft growing curves

15:51

more and more co2 more and more growing

15:55

temperatures and then they predict this

15:57

than the other but none of these models

16:01

can handle an atmosphere that actually

16:06

behaves in fixed and Spurs so should you

16:12

be scared yeah slightly because what we

16:15

are dealing with here is a system that

16:17

is unstable it only takes a little push

16:21

to make it flip and the trouble is we

16:25

don't know the triggering points and

16:27

maybe we already are operating one of

16:29

them so to give you an indication how

16:34

how is it possible to warm up Greenland

16:38

by 14 degrees in 25 years

16:40

I mean entire Greenland and not only

16:44

that this ice core record the 60,000

16:48

counted years how can I talk about

16:54

global climate based on on the corner on

16:58

a curve like this made from Greenland I

17:01

mean come on give me a break

17:03

it's only a rather ice ten centimeters

17:05

diameter and basically what it tells me

17:07

is how climate was at that exact spot

17:10

and nothing else

17:11

what about 100 kilometres away this ice

17:14

is probably the same well we have ice

17:17

cores covering not some southern

17:21

Greenland course some celebrating

17:22

courses in northern reading course and

17:24

you line them up and they tell the same

17:26

story so we assured that the whole

17:29

island agreement is involved in these

17:31

climatic changes mmm what about Europe

17:35

what about the rest

17:36

well this curve is mimicked by

17:42

stalagmites in China this curve is

17:47

mimicked by

17:49

chorus in the Bahamas so the Breeden ice

17:55

core record is the most highly resolved

18:00

reference to any geophysical geological

18:05

evidence we have on climate change all

18:07

over the northern hemisphere so it is

18:10

the carbon copy of calm climate

18:13

variations in the North so what about

18:17

the South can be compared to yeah we can

18:19

we can go on compare them here we have

18:22

the northern one missus agreement will

18:24

not lying it down again you see this is

18:27

actually the present-day planet this is

18:30

a longest record we have been playing so

18:31

far all this we put in one body is last

18:33

ice age and boom goes way up there this

18:38

is the previous integration and look at

18:40

it it's much higher than today in fact

18:45

it's from a time 125,000 years ago when

18:48

we know Greenland was 5 degrees warmer

18:49

than today and global sea levels were 5

18:53

meters higher ie less ice in Greenland

18:56

and Antarctica this may be the climate

19:00

we're heading for in the future so this

19:03

is nature's last natural parallel to a

19:08

future we might be heading for if we

19:14

compare the blue curve is now agreement

19:17

the red curve is a similar curve at the

19:19

same time scale for melodica they are

19:21

both covering one Ice Age present a

19:24

pilot and Pandorica present a climate

19:27

agreement but you can see the curves

19:29

agree on one thing that group agree on

19:32

when the ice age ends so that's a global

19:35

phenomenon they agree on when the

19:39

previous interglacial stops global

19:42

phenomenon so ice ages have such a

19:45

global both hemispheres participate but

19:49

look now at the zigzag stuff in the

19:51

middle

19:52

all these abrupt changes were one year

19:53

to the next this is something much more

19:57

choppy than the red

19:59

that's one one first logical explanation

20:02

the NAM is not the hemisphere is mainly

20:05

land and land has the ability to become

20:08

very cold and wintertime and very hot in

20:10

summertime well the southern hemisphere

20:12

is mainly water so any variation will be

20:15

much softer but let's look in detail on

20:19

them if you can come you know combine

20:21

the Wiggles so our colleagues did this

20:25

this is a great nice port again with the

20:27

wid only things 50,000 years of it or

20:29

counted then of course in an article the

20:33

trouble is you cannot really count the

20:34

years because the layers are too thin so

20:36

you have to use other dating methods so

20:39

we were stuck with one little problem

20:40

we didn't really know the age so we put

20:44

them on top with the age with you or try

20:46

to know calculate it and look like this

20:50

and then we give me a break look at the

20:54

red curve you put you slightly to the

20:56

left everything will match see that this

20:59

looks like it's offset to the right as

21:01

we push it well this top becomes that

21:04

top it can go all the way this looks off

21:07

somehow and we were tempted to do that

21:11

but luckily the bubbles help loud

21:16

because if you start to measure the

21:18

greenhouse gas methane in the box in

21:21

Greenland you get a methane greenhouse

21:24

gas comes in pressure in looking like

21:26

this I don't have all the details but

21:27

focus on these three because we have a

21:29

lot of samples from this section you can

21:31

see what we call big brother and three

21:34

sisters up here in the blue curve they

21:38

match exactly this big brother and those

21:40

three systems so when it's warm a lot of

21:44

methane is cold that's nothing but see

21:47

methane is a gas in the atmosphere so if

21:52

the methane content is highly North has

21:54

to be

21:55

because the air is mixed so let's take

21:59

the methane from the South and put on

22:02

top okay they met but they only match if

22:11

the curves are upset like that so what

22:14

we've done here is we're using their

22:16

variations in methane to synchronize the

22:19

course so we don't have to know the

22:22

exact age of the red curve because we

22:24

know where has to be put on top of the

22:26

blue one so they have to be offset like

22:30

this and now we start to understand what

22:33

the heck is going on with these very

22:36

fast climatic changes because I had we

22:39

have a problem for physicists going back

22:42

to how these happen I told you that

22:45

ingredient the temperature grew 14

22:47

degrees in 25 years in Europe they grew

22:52

technically in 25 years

22:53

stay warm all over North America the

22:56

North Atlantic temperatures grew about

22:58

10 degrees in 25 years that's a hell of

23:02

a lot of heat who is paying that bill

23:06

because the Sun didn't shine so much

23:09

more this curve tell you what's happened

23:14

we stole the heat we stole it from the

23:18

southern hemisphere it's a

23:20

redistribution of heat that's already

23:23

there every time it's cold in Greenland

23:28

the southern hemisphere warms up and as

23:32

soon as the heat kicks in an ingredient

23:34

the summit the fellow hemisphere cools

23:37

down it's like a seesaw in fact that is

23:43

what we have called that bipolar seesaw

23:46

it's the seesaw of energy going from

23:49

north to south from south to north all

23:52

controlled by the big ocean currents and

23:55

the coupling to the atmosphere

23:58

so in order to trigger these very very

24:02

massive climate events in the northern

24:05

hemisphere

24:06

you only need one little goblin with a

24:13

hand on the damn first thermostat at the

24:16

equator and you can turn the warm

24:18

equator water north or south it's in the

24:22

south north occult said it north the

24:24

South Pole that's what happened and

24:28

that's why we can explain how a tiny

24:30

little change can really make big

24:34

consequences do does this bipolar seesaw

24:40

exist today and for that purpose we go

24:44

back in detail to see in our present

24:46

very stable climate I showed you there

24:49

were hardly any variations but if we go

24:52

with a magnifying glass and look at the

24:54

last ten thousand years or eight

24:56

thousand seven thousand years in this

24:57

place this is five thousand years BC

25:01

this is 180 this is now so this is seven

25:08

thousand years this is actually spends

25:09

the entire history of human civilization

25:13

the blue curve behind me is temperatures

25:17

and they are real temperatures you can

25:20

see them here in the black numbers minus

25:24

32 minus 31 minus 30 this is Stone Age

25:30

coming into the a production Empire 5000

25:33

first pyramids then during the Bronze

25:35

Age not a hemisphere cools down

25:39

he had a minimum right here the Roman

25:41

ages I think part of the all the wars

25:45

that the Romans had to fight along the

25:46

borders and all the people moving around

25:48

was because it was so cold and northern

25:51

in the northern wastes and at least

25:53

to the east that there was a pressure to

25:56

come to southern Europe they warmed up

26:00

this is 950 interesting spot because

26:06

that's when the Vikings decided to

26:08

settle in Iceland in Greenland and then

26:11

came the Little Ice Age boom and drop

26:14

from the Viking images to sixteen

26:17

hundred of one and a half degrees on

26:21

average warming up in the 18th century

26:25

and a dip again that this is the lowest

26:28

point on record eighteen hundred and

26:30

fifty probably some of you have seen old

26:35

photographs and glaciers now remember

26:40

photography was invented 1850 so if they

26:44

took pictures of glaciers they took them

26:46

at their biggest since the last ice age

26:50

so when we want to stop emission of

26:54

carbon dioxide and things like that it's

26:56

finally started knitting carbon dioxide

26:58

to halt climate change but don't wish

27:01

yourself back to one hundred and fifty

27:04

years ago at least learn in these

27:06

latitudes because it was really cold

27:08

novel I think it's okay so it's not

27:11

actually if I extend this curve the most

27:15

recent points is that we are actually

27:17

about here now so almost matching how it

27:22

was during the Viking ages and tell you

27:24

what they started to grow potatoes in

27:26

Greenland again no this variation is

27:32

interesting how did it look in the

27:34

southern hemisphere like that that's

27:38

from an anarchic Court and you can see

27:42

even in our quiet time you can see the

27:45

seesaw when it's cooling in the north

27:47

it's warming in the south when it warms

27:49

up in the north it's cooling in the

27:51

South vice-versa so there's the

27:58

five policies of silver the trouble is

28:02

do we now pick so much to our

28:05

atmospheric system with our emissions of

28:07

carbon dioxide and methane that we are

28:09

kicking this system out of Skilton so it

28:13

starts to go cell oscillating again

28:17

that's the trouble we don't know now I

28:24

want to finish with one little slide

28:29

this littlest thing last year we hit

28:32

bedrock at me and this is you see based

28:35

on debris coming up was the ice and if

28:41

we do some analysis on this I'll show

28:44

you to you oh there's too many pictures

28:46

her

Egilsstaðir, 23.08.2019 Jónas Gunnlaugsson